Geology babban ilimin kimiyya ne wanda kuma yana da ƙananan rassa waɗanda suke zurfafa nazarin ɓangaren abiotic na duniyarmu. Daya daga cikin rassan ilimin kasa shine stratigraphy. Ilimin kimiyya ne wanda ke nazarin fassarar, bayanin, ganowa da kuma jerin tsararru a kwance da kuma a kwance. Wani reshe ne na ilimin kimiyya wanda yake ba mu damar sanin manyan bayanai game da rayuwar duniyarmu.
A cikin wannan labarin zamuyi magana da ku game da menene stratigraphy, yadda yake da amfani da kuma menene manufar karatun sa.
Menene stratigraphy
Wani reshe ne na ilimin ƙasa wanda ke fassara da bayanin yadda aka sanya madaurin a cikin dubunnan shekaru. Don fassara mafi kyau duka wannan, dole ne mu tuna cewa muna magana ne game da sikelin lokacin ilimin kasa. Duwatsun suna saman dutse a kowane yanki kuma duk lokacinda aka ajiye su. Saboda haka, tana ba mu bayani game da wannan zamanin da muka sami kanmu a ciki. Misali, duwatsu masu danshi da ake samarwa a yau sun saba da dubban shekarun da ya kwashe don samuwar su. Wannan shine zai ba da bayani game da zamanin da aka kafa ta.
Abin da stratigraphy yake ƙoƙari shine sanin da nazarin abin da bayanan da duwatsun ke ba mu. Hakanan reshe ne na ilimin ƙasa wanda ke da alhakin taswira da daidaita waɗannan duwatsu. Wannan shine yadda suke tantance tsari da lokacin abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin ilimin kasa wanda aka kayyade cikin tarihin duniyar tamu.
Tunda duwatsun da ke cikin ƙasa sun ƙunshi abubuwa waɗanda saboda wani dalili ko ɗaya an ƙirƙira su zuwa duwatsu, su ne kayan yau da kullun waɗanda stratigraphy ke nazari. Hanyoyin da suka samo asali ga samuwar duwatsu masu laushi shine filin farko wanda dole ne stratigraphy yayi aiki dashi. Hakanan yana taimaka wa reshen ilimin kimiyya da aka sani da burbushin halittu don sanar da irin nau'in halittun da suke rayuwa yayin samuwar wadannan duwatsun.
Lokacin da aka yi rikodin rikitarwa na wani wuri, idan ta sami sakamakon ci gaba da waɗannan hanyoyin samar da dutsen da ke cikin ƙasa ta hanyar ilimin ƙasa. Kamar dai shi ne asalin duk bayanan da suka wajaba don fahimtar canjin rayuwa a doron ƙasa. Godiya ga stratigraphy Zai yiwu a san manyan bayanai irin su daidaitawar farantin tectonic har zuwa lokaci kuma wani bangare na canjin canjin a matakin duniya.
Makasudin stratigraphy
Wannan reshe na geology yana da manyan manufofi da yawa. Bari mu bincika kowane ɗayansu:
- Gano kayan aiki. Don sanin tsarin tsari na samuwar duwatsu masu laushi, ya zama dole a gano waɗanne irin kayan waɗannan duwatsu suke.
- Delayyadaddun sassan stratigraphic. Stungiyar stratigraphic ɗaya ce wacce ke da abu guda ɗaya a cikin ƙarshen stratum. Wato, ba mu sami wani irin dutsen daddawa wanda aka samu a wani takamaiman lokaci ba.
- Ofungiyar raka'a stratigraphic. Da zarar an gano kayan aiki da sassan stratigraphic, ana ƙoƙarin yin odar su a kan lokaci. Wato, waɗancan rukunin stratigraphic sun wanzu da waɗanda suka ƙirƙira bayan. Ta wannan hanyar yana yiwuwa a sami babban bayani game da ilimin ƙasa na ƙasa.
- Binciken sassan stratigraphic. Ba wai kawai ƙididdigar yanayin ƙasa da aka sani da aikin tsayi ba. Hakanan zaka iya kimanta samuwar da shekarun wasu duwatsu.
- Halittar fassarar raka'a. Lokacin da kake nazarin yanki na stratigraphic, zaka iya nazarin dukkan abubuwanda aka hada dasu da kuma dalilin da yasa aka kirkiresu.
- Daidaitawa da rarar lokaci. Labari ne game da kimar shekarun duwatsu da ilimin halittu masu rai da kuma yanayin duniya da ya wanzu a lokacin.
- Binciken ruwa. Stratigraphy wani muhimmin reshe ne na ilimin kimiyya idan yazo da nazarin samuwar kogunan ruwa a duniya.
Kuma ilimin kimiyya ne wanda zai iya yin rajistar siffofin, abubuwanda suka hada lithological, kayan zahiri da na sinadarai, alakar shekaru, maye gurbin asali, rarrabawa da abun cikin burbushin kankara. Tare da duk waɗannan bayanan zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da yanayin ƙasa da lokacin da aka kafa ta. Duk waɗannan halayen suna aiki ne don ganewa da sake gina abubuwan da suka shafi ƙasa waɗanda suka faru a duk tarihin Duniya.
Ka'idojin asali na aikin bunkasuwa
Wannan ilimin kimiyya an kafa shi ne a cikin wasu ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi na asali waɗanda sauran ilimin da aka samu ya inganta daga gare su:
- Cia'idar sararin samaniya na asali ko rufin rufi. Ka'ida ce wacce ke tabbatar da cewa an ajiye sandar a kwance, babba ma yana ƙasa kuma ƙarami a sama. Idan ka ci gaba da nazarin a kaikaice, za ka ga cewa zaizayarwa ba ta katse su ba.
- Yankewa da haɗa alaƙa. Idan muka ga yanke a cikin stratum, dole ne mu san abin da ya tsufa fasalin ya kasance tsarin da yake yanke shi fiye da wanda aka yanke. Dutse ya girmi gutsutsuren dutsen da aka haɗa a ciki.
- Aikin gaskiya. Game da wannan ƙa'idar ce da ke wakiltar cewa "yanzu shine mabuɗin abubuwan da suka gabata." Da wannan ana nufin koguna, duwatsu, teku da nahiyoyi sun canza a duk sassan su. Koyaya, dokokin da suke bayyana canje-canje da ƙa'idodin da canje-canjen waɗannan abubuwan zasu kasance suna canzawa tsawon lokaci.
- Faunal maye. Kamar dai yadda tsarinta yake da tsari, haka nan burbushin halittar da yake dasu shima yana da tsari wanda za'a iya gano shi.
- Girman facies. Ma'anar ita ce, maye gurbin facies daidai yake da na tsaye.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, yana da mahimmanci ku san dunƙulen don ƙarin sani game da yanayin duniya. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da stratigraphy.