Cavendish

Henry Cabendish

A duniyar kimiyya akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda suka bincika gudummawa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suka sa wannan duniyar ta ci gaba. Yau zamuyi magana akansa Henry Cabendish, masanin ilmin kimiyar lissafi da kemistri na Biritaniya wanda shine farkon wanda ya banbance kasancewar carbon dioxide da hydrogen a cikin iska. An nada shi Fellow of the Royal Society in 1760 kuma yayi karatu a Jami'ar Cambridge.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk tarihin rayuwar da ayyukan Henry Cavendish.

Henry Cavendish Tarihin Rayuwa

Cavendish da abubuwan da ya gano

An san wannan masanin ilimin ne saboda wallafa wani aikin da aka sani da sunan Gwaje-gwaje a kan iska. A cikin wannan aikin, ya bayyana cewa iska ta ƙunshi cakuda oxygen da nitrogen a cikin rabo na 1: 4. Hakanan ya sanya shaidar cewa ruwa ba wani abu bane amma mahadi ne. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, ana tunanin cewa ruwa abu ne guda ɗaya wanda ya haɗa da ruwa kawai. Koyaya, Cavendish ne ya ce ruwa ya kunshi hydrogen da oxygen. Ya sami damar nuna hakan ta hanyar daya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen sa inda ya sami damar hada sinadarin nitric da ruwa.

Ayyukansa sun kasance sananne sosai a fagen wutar lantarki ta hanyar gabatar da mahimmancin dama, ƙarfin aunawa da iya hango dokar Ohm. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masana kimiyyar farko da suka iya tantance yawan ɗimbin ɗumbin duniyar tamu ta hanyar amfani da torsion balance.

Abinda kawai Ishak Asimov yayi akan Henry Cavendish shine mai zuwa: «Ya kasance mai hazaka da hazaka wanda ya rayu kuma ya mutu kusan kusan kowa. Amma duk da haka yayi wasu kyawawan gwaje-gwaje a tarihin kimiyya. ' Ya kamata a san cewa kalmar Asimov tana ba ku ƙarin sani game da rayuwar Cavendish. Ya kasance mutum ne mai son zuciya wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa gabadaya don binciken kimiyya. Kuma ga alama ra'ayinsa na sararin samaniya shine cewa ya kunshi abubuwa da yawa wadanda za'a iya auna su, adadi da sayarwa. A lokacin ina da 'yan ra'ayoyi kaɗan game da duniyar kimiyya gaba ɗaya.

Ma'aunai da ayyuka

auna duniya

Cavendish yana da matukar godiya ga ma'aunai kamar yadda yake so koyaushe ya sami cikakkun bayanai. Yayi ƙoƙari ya kimanta dukkan lissafin zuwa ƙimar daidai don sanin zurfin halayen abubuwan. Tun da ba shi da ammeter kuma ba shi da abin da zai iya ba shi adadin wutar da ke zagayawa ta cikin wayoyin, shi ma an yi amfani da batun ne da kanshi amma ana yin cikakken bayani. Wannan yana nufin, Cavendish ya karɓi rawar jiki kuma za su yi makamai a cikin jikinsa yayin gwaje-gwajen don sanin da lura da yadda ƙarfin ya kasance a cikin igiyoyi.

Aikin farko na wannan masanin kimiyya yayi ma'amala da arsenic. Duk masana kimiyya da suka san Cavendish suna da'awar cewa soyayyarsa ga kimiyya cikakke ne. Bai taɓa damuwa game da ko binciken nasa ya buga ɗaya ba, ko an yaba masa ko a'a, ko kuma game da wani abu ban da gamsar da sha'awar sa. Wannan shine yadda kuke koya da gaske da ci gaba a cikin bincike. A sakamakon wannan tsarkakakkiyar soyayya ga kimiyya, yawancin nasarorin da ya samu ba a san su ba tsawon shekaru kuma an gano su shekaru da yawa bayan mutuwarsa. Koyaya, kafin nasarorinsa su ɓace, NiSaac Asimov ya fadawa dukkan abokan aikin sa a Royal Society game da alfanun wannan masanin.

A cikin 1766 ya kasance yana jagorantar sadarwar binciken farko kamar aikin da yayi da iskar gas mai ƙonewa wanda aka samu daga aikin ƙarfe da acid. Boyle da Hales sun gano wannan gas ɗin a baya, amma Cavendish ne aka ba izini ya zama farkon wanda zai yi nazarin kaddarorinsa. Tuni shekaru 20 kenan da Lavoisier ya kira wannan gas ɗin hydrogen.

Henry shine masanin kimiyya na farko da ya gano cewa dole ne a auna wasu nau'ikan gas iri daban daban domin tantance yawan su. Wannan shine yadda ya samo hakan hydrogen gas ne mai sauƙin haske wanda shine kawai 1/14 yawan iska. Kasancewa mai haske da harshen wuta, ya yi imani ya keɓe masanin binciken.

Henry Cavendish gwaje-gwajen

gwaji mai ban tsoro

Dole ne a tuna da cewa, a wancan zamanin, ya fi kyau a yi gwaje-gwaje daban-daban da iska. Wannan ya haifar da cewa a cikin shekara ta 1785 ya sanya tartsatsin lantarki ya ratsa cikin iska kuma zai samar da cakuda tsakanin nitrogen da oxygen don narkar da sinadarin oxide wanda ya bayyana a cikin ruwa. Godiya ga wannan gwajin, ya sami damar gano abubuwan da ke cikin nitric acid. Ya kara yawan sinadarin nitrogen tare da niyyar iya cinye dukkan iskar oxygen da ke tattare lokaci guda. Ya sami damar tabbatar da cewa hakan ba mai yiwuwa bane. Kuma hakan koyaushe yana da ɗan guntun gas ɗin da ba a haɗa shi ba, duk abin da ya yi.

Sannan ya sami damar gano cewa iska tare tana da ƙaramin gas wanda dole ne ya kasance mai aiki kuma mai tsayayya don kar ya amsa da sauran gas ɗin. Ya kuma gano gas din da muka sani yau a matsayin argon. A yau mun san cewa yanayi ya ƙunshi argon 1% wanda is a gas kuma ba ya amsa komai. Mun san shi gas ne mai daraja. Wannan gwajin na Cavendish an yi watsi da shi har karni har sai da Ramsay ya sami nasarar bin shi mataki-mataki kuma ya sake maimaita shi.

Babban gwajin Cavendish ya hada da babbar duniyar da yayi amfani da ita don aiwatar da abin da yanzu ake kira da Cavendish experiment. Tare da wannan gwajin ya iya sanin menene yawan Duniyar kuma kuma, tunda an san ƙarar duniyar, abin da ya yi shine "auna" Duniya.

Yana da ɗimbin wallafe-wallafe a cikin tarihinsa kuma ya haɓaka saurin lokacin da ya shiga Royal Society tare da sauran masana kimiyya waɗanda ke tallafawa gwaje-gwajensa. Kamar yadda kuke gani, wannan masanin kimiyya ne wanda yake da cikakkiyar soyayya ga kimiyya kuma shine kawai sha'awar sa ta motsa shi ya ci gaba da bincike da gano sabbin abubuwa.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Henry Cavendish da duk ayyukansa.


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