Microscope abu ne mai sauƙin amfani da kayan aiki tare da ido mara kyau, amma tare da cikakken bayani wanda zai kawo canji. Duk sassan da abubuwanda suke da hannu wajen sarrafa haske da samuwar hoto mai daukaka ana samun su a cikin tsarin gani na madubin hangen nesa. Akwai su da yawa sassan madubin hangen nesa dole ne a bayyana hakan don cikakken fahimtar aikin.
Saboda haka, a cikin wannan labarin za mu nuna muku menene ɓangarorin microscope da ainihin halayensa.
Sassan microscope: tsarin gani
Tsarin gani shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren microscope. Bawai muna nufin tsarin hasken wuta bane, wanda kuma shine tsarin gani. An rarraba su don rarrabe tsakanin abubuwan da ke da alhakin ɓata ko kula da haske da abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen samar da goyan baya tsakanin dukkan sassan kayan aikin. Duk waɗannan ɓangarorin abubuwa ne na tsarin inji. Manyan abubuwa guda biyu wadanda suka hada da tsarin gani a madubin hangen nesa sune hadafin ido. Dukkanin tsarin hasken wuta suma sun hada da wasu bangarori kamar su su ne abubuwan da aka fi mayar da hankali, diaphragm, condenser da kuma kayan gani.
Idan microscope yana da kyamarar dijital, ana ɗaukarta wani ɓangare na tsarin gani. Bari muga menene sassan madubin hangen nesa daga mataki zuwa mataki. Na farko shine manufa. Game da tsarin mahaukata shine cewa yana kusa da samfurin kuma shine wanda ke ba da hoto mai girma. Girman ruwan tabarau yana da ƙima koyaushe kuma shine abin da alaƙar tsakanin girman hoto da ainihin girman abin ya faɗa mana. Misali: bari muyi tunanin cewa muna da tabarau da aka saita zuwa 40x. Wannan yana nufin cewa Hoton da muke gani zai ninka sau 40 akan abin da samfurin yake.
Sanannen hoto an san shi da ainihin hoto. Yawancin microscopes suna da manufofi daban-daban don cimma matakan girma daban-daban. Ka tuna cewa dole ne a daidaita microscopes zuwa girman nau'ikan samfuran. Za a sami manyan samfura da ƙananan. Waɗannan sune abin da ke sa ya zama dole don daidaita maƙasudin.
Wani ma'aunin da ke bayyana ma'anar microscope shine buɗe lambar. Wannan ma'aunin yana da mahimmanci tunda shine yake ayyana ƙuduri. Muddin muna da ƙuduri mai kyau, zamu iya ganin samfurin a sarari.
Ire-iren manufofin
Bari mu bincika menene nau'ikan manufofin da za'a iya samu a cikin microscope:
- Makasudin Achromatic: Shi ne mafi sauki kuma ana amfani dashi don gyara ɓoyewar zobe a cikin kore da ɓarkewar chromatic a shuɗi da ja.
- Makasudin Apochromatic: shine nau'ikan ruwan tabarau mafi haɓaka kuma yana taimakawa gyara ƙarancin chromatic cikin launuka huɗu. Hakanan zai iya taimakawa madaidaiciyar ɓoyewa cikin launuka uku.
- Dry manufa: Waɗannan su ne waɗanda suka kai ƙara matsakaici kuma ana amfani da su tunda suna da sauƙin amfani. Kawai cewa ana amfani dasu a dakin gwaje-gwaje na ayyukan tseren jami'a.
- Manufofin zuba jari: an tsara su don samun damar haɓaka da babban ƙuduri a babban sikelin. Suna da babbar buɗewa ta lamba amma ana buƙatar ƙarin hanyoyin don sanya shi tsakanin samfurin da ruwan tabarau.
Sassan madubin hangen nesa: tabarau
Abun ido shine saitin tabarau ta hanyar da muke lura da samfurin da idanun mu. Anan zamu iya ganin girman hoto na biyu. Makasudin yana haifar da mafi girman haɓaka kuma kusurwa shine wanda ke samar da ƙarami mafi girma wanda zai iya zuwa daga 5x zuwa 10x a. Kar mu manta da hakan ruwan tabarau yana samar da 20x, 40x, 100x magnification. Haka kuma bai kamata mu manta da hakan ba, gwargwadon girman girma, yana da wahalar rike kaifi.
Tsarin tabarau na ido shine ke da alhakin girman hoton da kuma gyara wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka saba gani. Waɗannan mashahuran suna da diaphragm wanda ke aiki don rage hasken hasken da ya bayyana akan tabarau. Akwai 'yan nau'ikan ido iri-iri. Mafi yawan amfani dasu sune tabarau masu kyau da kuma sanannun marasa kyau. Positivearin tabbaci sune waɗanda haske ya fara ratsawa ta hanyar diaphragm sannan ya kai ga tabarau. Gilashin ido mara kyau sune waɗanda diaphragm yake a tsakanin tabarau biyu.
Haske mai haske da mai sanya wuta
Su bangarori biyu ne na madubin hangen nesa mai ban sha'awa. Hasken haske abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda dole kowane microscope yake da shi. Yana da mahimmanci don ya iya fitar da hasken da ya zama dole cewa na iya haskaka samfurinmu. Dogaro da hasken haske wanda yake wanzu a cikin madubin hangen nesa, zamu iya bambance tsakanin microscopes da ake watsawa da kuma nuna madubin hangen nesa. Na farko sune waɗanda ke da rashin haske a ƙarƙashin matakin. Daƙiƙoƙi sune waɗanda ke haskaka samfurin daga fuska ta sama.
Microscopes koyaushe suna aiki ta hanyar kwan fitila mai ƙyalƙyali wanda aka haɗa shi cikin tsari. Koyaya, an riga an inganta shi tare da sabuwar fasahar kamar yadda take da wasu rashin amfani. Na farko shi ne cin makamashin waɗannan kwararan. Na biyu shi ne yawan zafin da suke fitarwa, wanda ya sanya ba shi da wahala a kiyaye samfuran cikin yanayi mai kyau. Kar mu manta da hakan Dole ne a yi gwaji tare da samfurin cikin kyakkyawan yanayi a kowane lokaci.
Amma ga mai tarawa, yana daya daga cikin bangarorin madubin hangen nesa wanda aka gina daga hadewar tabarau wanda kuma yake jagorantar hasken hasken da yake fitowa daga hanyar haske zuwa samfurin. Tana tsakanin matakin da tushen haske. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine hasken wuta yana bin hanyoyin da suka bambanta. A saboda wannan dalili, mai tarawa ya zama muhimmin abu don samun damar yin tasiri sosai akan ƙimar hoton da za mu samu.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da ɓangarorin microscope da abin da manyan halayensa suke.