Glaciers babban taro ne na kankara fim wanda ya samo asali sakamakon tarawa, haɗuwa da sarrafa dusar kankara tsawon shekaru. Wadannan nau'ikan kankara sun sake wayewa kuma suna iya guduwa kasa, suna gina wani taimako wanda aka sani da kwarin dusar kankara. Suna da ikon gina tsagera Akwai wasu hanyoyin da suka bada damar haihuwar ruwayen ruwa kamar koguna, tafkuna da tafkuna. A yau za mu mai da hankali kan nazarin daban-daban sassan gilashi.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku menene sassan kankara kuma menene ainihin halayensa.
Samuwar glacier
An kiyasta cewa 10% na saman duniya an rufe shi da glaciers. Wadannan yankuna suna da mahimmanci tunda Kaso 75% na tsaftataccen ruwan duniya ana kiyaye shi. Bugu da kari, wadannan kankara suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin canjin canjin yanayi a duniya. Tsarin da ke haifar da samuwar kankara an san shi da glaciation. Wannan tsari ya kunshi tarawa da wanzuwar dusar ƙanƙanin ci gaba. Wannan dusar ƙanƙarar tana faɗuwa a wani yanki a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci na yanayin ilimin ƙasa. Yanayin wannan yanki dole ne ya iya bayar da gudummawa ga wannan aikin.
Idan zafin jiki na shekara-shekara sun fi na yanayi yanayi, dusar kankara ba zata iya samar da irinta ba. Wannan saboda yanayin zafi na lokacin dumi yana sa dusar ƙanƙara ta narke. Dole ne yanayin da ake ciki ya kasance yana da ƙarancin yanayin zafi wanda zai hana abun cikin narkewa a lokacin ƙarin yanayin zafi. An haɓaka haɓakar glacier ta ƙara dusar ƙanƙara tare da lokacin dusar ƙanƙara. Hakanan akwai lokuta daban-daban lokacin da icing ke faruwa sau da yawa. Saboda haka, ana iya cewa dusar ƙanƙara tana jujjuyawa zuwa ga daskarewa. Anan ne inda aka canza tsarinta kuma aka kirkita ta don samun mafi girman sakamako sakamakon hakan.
Glaciers suna kula da daidaituwar samuwar da asarar taro. Hanyar da dole ne su kara rasa wannan narkewar ruwan a cikin kankara, sublimation da kuma yankan katuwar kankara. Wadannan nau'ikan ruwan kankara masu matsi suna cikin musayar dindindin da dindindin tare da sauran bangarorin tsarin ruwa. Theangare mafi ƙasƙanci na cikin kankara yana cikin ci gaba da hulɗa da saman duniya kuma yana haifar da dusar kankara ta motsa. Daidaita tsakanin wadatar samu da asara na kankara an san shi da ma'aunin taro. Idan ma'aunin taro yana da sakamako mai kyau, wannan glacier zai ƙara girma. Akasin haka, idan tana da rashin daidaito zai nuna guntu a cikin saurin da ke ta ƙaruwa har sai ya ɓace.
Sassan kankara
Zamuyi nazarin daya bayan daya wadanda sune manyan sassan kankarar.
Yankin tarawa
Hakanan ana kiransu da suna circific glaque cirque kuma shine damuwa da ke faruwa tare da sakamakon zaizayar kankara. Wannan zaizayar dusar kankara tana faruwa a bangon dutse kuma ya zama tushen kwari. A duk wannan yanki yawan dusar kankara da ke sauka ta hazo ya mamaye. Wannan dusar kankara a hankali zata rikide ta zama kankara ta samar aikin ciyar da kankara a mafi girman matsayi.
Yankin zubar da ciki
Akasin haka wanda ke faruwa tare da tara aria, wannan shine yankin da asarar kankara da dusar ƙanƙara ke faruwa. Akasari ana tayar da shi ta hanyar aiki ko narkewa. A cikin wannan yanki na kankara ma'aunin nauyi ba shi da kyau. Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙimar asarar kankara ta fi ta tarinta. Ice yana neman ɓacewa a cikin haɗakarwa da sublimation da kuma ta hanyar keɓe manyan taro. Wannan rukunin yana faruwa ne galibi sakamakon saukar dusar kankara zuwa matakan tsayi na ciki. Wannan motsi zuwa ga mafi tsayi yana haifar da rufewar moraine zuwa saman inda za'a sanya kankara mai mutuwa.
Harshen yare
Harshen glacial shine yankin da ya kunshi ɗimbin kankara wanda ke gangarowa saboda tasirin nauyi. Sakamakon haka, wannan yana haifar da yawan jan duwatsu wanda ke haifar da samuwar kudaden da aka san su da sunan moraines. A cikin wannan yanki akwai yashwa da yawa da samuwar taimako irin na kankara.
Moraines na launin fata
Wani bangare ne na kankara wanda yake da ban sha'awa don nazari. An san shi azaman tsaunukan tsaunuka waɗanda ke da kayan kankara wanda ba shi da madaidaici. Suna yafi hada har zuwa. Wadannan har yanzu ba komai bane face ragowar abubuwan da aka lalata ta hanyar lalatawa da kankara ke haifarwa yayin da yake tafiya a cikin filin. Akwai nau'ikan moraines na kankara bisa ga wasu halaye. Bari mu ga menene su:
- Raarshen halin moraine: Nau'i ne na moraine wanda aka yi shi da wani abu wanda ya kunshi gutsutsuren dutse. An cire waɗannan gutsuttsun dutsen a gaba kuma an ajiye su a ƙarshen glacier. A kankara ya ci gaba da zama ba ya motsi yayin da wuraren dutsen suka ƙaura. Anan ne asalin moraine yake. Samuwar wannan moraine yana da nasaba da narkewa da dusar kankara. Waɗannan matakai suna faruwa a ƙarshen glacier a saurin kama da ci gaban kankara a yankin ciyarwarta.
- Raashin moraine: wani sashi ne na kankarar da aka hada da dusar kankara. Ana ajiye waɗannan yayin da kankara ta kasance ba ta motsi. Bayawar kankara yana faruwa, sakamakon shawo kan raguwa zuwa tarawa. Wato, idan ka rasa mafi kankara fiye da yadda take tarawa. Wannan yana haifar da tsarin narkar da bel na feeder a lokaci guda. Wannan bel din yana da alhakin barin ajiyar abubuwan ƙyalƙyali masu ƙyalƙyali ta hanyar filayen da ba shi da kyau.
- Moraine na gefe: shine wanda aka samar dashi ta zafin dusar kankara. Yawanci galibi suna cikin kwari ne kuma ƙaƙƙarfan motsinsu yana tashi a cikin ganuwar kwarin inda aka keɓe shi. Wannan motsi yana haifar da tarkace a gefen.
- Tsakiyar moraine: yana daya daga cikin sassan kankarar wanda ake samu ne kawai a cikin kankara mai tsayi. Samuwarta shine sakamakon haɗuwa tsakanin kankara 2 wacce ta samar da rafin kankara ɗaya.
- Narkar da ciki: Waɗannan su ne waɗanda aka daidaita a kan gadon ƙanƙara kuma an haɗa su da kayan haɓaka na baiwa.
Sassan kankara: m
Yanki ne na ƙarshe na kankara kuma an haɗa shi da ƙarshen ƙarshen shi. Anan zubar da ciki ya mamaye yawan tarawa kuma anan ne kankara take ƙarewa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da sassan kankara.