Paleozoic ya kasu kashi da yawa wanda ya shafi miliyoyin shekaru. Daya daga cikin wadannan lokutan shine sanyin jiki. Rarraba yanki ne na yanayin kasa wanda ya fara kimanin shekaru miliyan 359 da suka gabata kuma ya ƙare shekaru miliyan 299 da suka gabata, wanda ya haifar da lokacin Permian.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk halaye, ilimin ƙasa, yanayi, fure da fauna na Carboniferous.
Babban fasali
A duk tsawon wannan lokacin Arewacin Amurka an kasa shi zuwa Pennsylvania da Mississippi. Duk cikin Turai akwai rarrabuwa da yawa kamar Yammacin Turai a gefe ɗaya da Rashanci akan ɗaya. Duk bangarorin suna da wahalar daidaitawa tsakanin su tare da na Amurka. Babban halayen wannan lokacin shine cewa akwai yankuna da yawa na gandun daji waɗanda aka binne su a jere sakamakon raguwar zafin duniya. Wadannan manyan katako da yawa don lalata kwayoyin halitta wanda ya haifar da manyan yadudduka na carbon. Saboda haka, ana kiran wannan lokacin Carboniferous.
Duk tsawon wannan lokacin, adadi mai yawa na nau'in kifin na baya suma sun mutu kuma cartilaginous da nau'ikan kasusuwa sun fadada. Amphibians sun fara mamaye babban yankin kuma dabbobi masu rarrafe sun fara haɓaka. Waɗannan nau'ikan dabbobin suna da ƙarshensu yayin Jurassic. An raba Carboniferous zuwa Manya da andananan Carboniferous. A lokacin Babban Carboniferous, kwari sun yawaita, wasu daga cikinsu manya, kamar mazari. Dragonflies na wannan zamanin sun kusan ƙafa biyu a girma tare da miƙe fuka-fuki, kuma bishiyoyi suna da tsayi cewa yawancinsu suna da kusan mita 60 a tsayi.
Duk wannan yanayin ana samar dashi ne saboda yanayi mai dauke da iskar oxygen. Dangane da ƙididdiga da bincike game da wannan adadin oxygen na iya dacewa da yanayin an kai kashi 35%, kasancewar 21% a yau. The Carboniferous wanda yake mataki ne mai matukar tasiri a tarihin duniyarmu ta mahangar tectonic. Za mu bincika shi da kyau a cikin sashe na gaba.
Geology na Carboniferous
A wannan lokacin an sami canje-canje masu girma a matakin ilimin ƙasa, kamar asalin Hergennian orogeny. Wannan yanayin shine ya haifar da samuwar megacontinent da ake kira Pangea. Ka tuna cewa glaciation ya ƙare inda glaciers suka bazu ko'ina a cikin tsakiyar da kudancin Pangea.
A farkon wannan lokacin faduwar duniya a matakin teku da ya faru a ƙarshen Devonian ya juya. A tsakanin waɗannan shekarun miliyoyin matakan teku yana ta tashi da kaɗan kaɗan kuma yana haifar da tekun epicontinental ta hanyar gama gari. Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, akwai raguwar gabaɗaya a yanayin zafi a kudu. Ya yi tunanin cewa kudancin Gondwana wani ƙyalli ne na duwatsu har tsawon lokacin. Koyaya, duk waɗannan yanayin mahalli basu da tasiri sosai a yankuna masu zafi. A cikin wadannan yankuna na dazuzzuka dazuzzuka sun fara yaduwa a fadamomin kaɗan kaɗan kaɗan suka tashi da 'yan digiri kaɗan daga arewa daga ƙanƙan da ke kudu.
Ci gaba da ilimin ƙasa za mu ga cewa babban ɓangare na Turai da Arewacin Amurka sun kasance a cikin Equator. Ana iya sanin wannan albarkacin ɗakunan ajiya na dutsen farar ƙasa wanda yake da kauri mai yawa. Ilimin kimiyyar da ke kula da nazarin duwatsu da tsarin rayuwarsu ita ce stratigraphy. Duwatsun Carboniferous a Turai da Arewacin Amurka sun kasance ci gaba da maye gurbin duwatsun farar ƙasa, masu rayarwa, shales da ajiyar kwal. Wadannan layin gado an san su da suna cyclothems.
Yanayin Carboniferous
Don samun damar zurfafa bayani akan wannan lokacin, ana rarraba duk lokacin azaman Carananan Carboniferous da Upper Carboniferous. A lokacin ƙananan Carboniferous da ya kai iyakar sa akwai faɗuwar duniya a matakin teku saboda faɗakarwar kankara na kankara. Wannan ya haifar da mahimmin koma baya da sanyaya yanayi a matakin duniya. Lokacin da kankara suka bazu, daban-daban manyan tekuna masu tsaka-tsakin teku da manyan kogunan carbon na Mississippi.
A gefe guda kuma, wannan faduwar yanayin zafin ya karu a kudu ta kudu kuma ya samar da samuwar kankara a yankin kudu na Gondwana. Bincike bai gama bayyana ba game da shin zanen kankara ya fara samuwa yayin Devonian ko a'a. Hakanan akwai halaka mai yawa na duk rayuwar teku saboda wannan koma baya a cikin tekun wanda ya shafi crinoids da ammonoids, ya rasa tsakanin 40% da 80% na dukkanin jinsinsu, bi da bi.
Yanzu mun matsa zuwa Babban Carboniferous. A lokacin haɗin gwiwa na Kasuwancin Carboniferous na sama yana tuntuɓar nahiyar tsohuwar Sandan sandar duwatsu wanda aka fi sani da Euramérica. Wannan yana haifar da manyan manyan sifofin samuwar hercinic orogeny.zuwa. Increasedara mahimmin ɗigon zafin jiki na latitudinal ya karu yayin Babban Carboniferous. Idan Iberia, wanda yake kusa da ɗaya daga cikin sandunan, shima yana da fure mai ban sha'awa wanda ya dace da yanayin sanyi.
Flora da fauna
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, kifayen sun fara yaduwa duk da cewa sun koma baya saboda raguwar yanayin teku. Dabbobi masu rarrafe sun fara mallakar duniya. Kasancewar zoben girma da yawa da aka yiwa alama sun wanzu a cikin burbushin fure na Gondwana da Siberia sun nuna cewa yanayi yayi sanyi sosai. A Turai da Arewacin Amurka waɗannan ƙawancen girma ba su nan. Yanayin Tropical ya ƙare yayin Babban Carboniferous yana canzawa sosai.
A karkashin waɗannan yanayin lycopodiofitos da sphenophytes sun ƙi isasshen yawan su. A gefe guda, fern din da ke da tsaba sune waɗanda suka sami muhimmiyar rawa kuma aka yada su ko'ina. Wannan yana nuna cewa dole ne su daidaita da yanayin bushewar yanayi. Garwashin ya ci gaba da zama amma lycopodiophytes ba su kasance masu ba da gudummawa ta farko ba.
A wannan lokacin akwai manyan tekuna biyu da suka mamaye duniya: da Panthalassa da Paleo Tethys.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da lokacin Carboniferous, halayensa, flora da fauna.