Halin yanayi shine Layer na iskar gas da ke kewaye da sararin samaniya, kamar Duniya, wanda ke jan hankalinsa da nauyi. Yana kare kariya daga hasken ultraviolet na hasken rana, yana sarrafa zafin jiki kuma yana hana shigowar meteorites. Idan yanayi ba shi da halayen da yake da su a halin yanzu, duniyar duniyar ba za ta iya tallafawa rayuwa ba. Koyaya, mutane da yawa suna mamakin menene samuwar yanayi.
Don haka ne za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin domin ba ku labarin samuwar yanayi da lokacin da aka yi shi da kuma yadda aka yi shi.
Samuwar yanayi
Halin yanayi shine Layer na Gaseous Layer da ke kewaye da duniyarmu, kuma kasancewarsa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar jan hankali na duniya. Ya fara samuwa da asalin Duniya kimanin shekaru biliyan 4.600 da suka wuce. A cikin shekaru miliyan 500 na farko, yanayi ya fara bunƙasa; Yayin da cikin matasan duniyarmu ya ci gaba da daidaitawa, ya zama mai yawa da yawa tare da fitar da tururi da iskar gas. Gas ɗin da ke haɗa shi zai iya zama hydrogen (H2), tururin ruwa, methane (CH4), helium (He) da carbon oxides. Wannan yanayi ne na farko domin cikakken yanayi ba zai iya wanzuwa shekaru miliyan 200 da suka wuce ba. Duniya har yanzu tana da zafi sosai a lokacin, wanda ya karfafa sakin iskar gas.
Girman ƙasa ya ɗan yi ƙasa fiye da yadda yake a yau, wanda ke hana duniya riƙe ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin muhallinta; magnetosphere har yanzu bai samu ba kuma iskar hasken rana tana kadawa kai tsaye. Duk wannan ya sa akasarin yanayin yanayi ya ɓace cikin sararin samaniya.
Duniyar mu, saboda yanayin zafinta, girmanta da matsakaicin girmanta, ba za ta iya riƙe iskar gas masu haske kamar hydrogen da helium ba, waɗanda ke tserewa zuwa sararin samaniya kuma iskar hasken rana ke jan su. Ko da tarin duniya a halin yanzu, ba zai yuwu a iya kula da iskar gas kamar helium da hydrogen ba, sabanin manyan taurari kamar Jupiter da Saturn, waɗanda ke da iskar gas. Duwatsun da suka kafa wannan duniyar tamu sun ci gaba da fitar da sabbin iskar gas da tururin ruwa na dogon lokaci har zuwa kusan shekaru biliyan 4.000 da suka wuce, lokacin da yanayi ya fara hada da kwayoyin carbon. carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ruwa (H2O), nitrogen (N2), da hydrogen (H).
Tushen
Kasancewar wadannan mahadi da raguwar yanayin zafin duniya kasa da 100 ° C ya haifar da haɓakar hydrosphere wanda ke haifar da haɓakar ruwa. ya fara samuwa kimanin shekaru biliyan 4 da suka wuce.
Shekaru da yawa na tururin tururi na ruwa ya haifar da samuwar ruwa mai yawa wanda ya ba da izinin aiwatarwa. Kasancewar ruwa yana ba da damar narkar da iskar gas kamar su sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid ko carbon dioxide, samuwar acid da halayensu tare da lithosphere, yana haifar da raguwar yanayi. Gases kamar methane da ammonia. A cikin 1950s, wani ɗan binciken Ba'amurke Stanley Miller ya tsara wani gwaji na yau da kullun don tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar wasu makamashi na waje. An yi amfani da fitar da wutar lantarki don samun cakuda amino acid a cikin wannan muhallin.
A yin haka, ya yi niyyar sake haifar da sahihan yanayi na yanayi wanda zai iya haifar da asalin rayuwa. Gabaɗaya an yarda cewa akwai mafi ƙarancin yanayi guda uku don rayuwa kamar yadda muka fahimce shi: tabbataccen yanayi mai cike da abubuwa kamar oxygen da hydrogen, tushen kuzarin waje na dindindin, da ruwa mai ruwa. Kamar yadda muka gani, yanayin rayuwa ya kusa kafu. Duk da haka, ba tare da iskar oxygen kyauta ba, rayuwa kanta na iya zama miliyoyin shekaru. Samfuran duwatsu waɗanda ke ɗauke da adadin abubuwa kamar uranium da ƙarfe shaida ne na yanayin anaerobic. Saboda haka, ba a samun waɗannan abubuwan a cikin duwatsu daga tsakiyar Precambrian ko aƙalla shekaru biliyan 3 daga baya.
Muhimmancin iskar oxygen
Ga kwayoyin halitta kamar mu, mafi mahimmancin tsarin yanayi shine samuwar iskar oxygen. Babu hanyoyin sinadarai kai tsaye ko hanyoyin nazarin ƙasa kamar ayyukan volcanic suna samar da iskar oxygen. Saboda haka, an yi imani da cewa samuwar da hydrosphere, da barga yanayi da kuma makamashi na rana su ne yanayi don samuwar sunadaran a cikin teku da kuma aiwatar da amino acid condensation da kira. na nucleic acids dauke da ka'idar kwayoyin halitta, a cikin shekaru miliyan 1.500 Daga baya, kwayoyin anaerobic unicellular sun bayyana a cikin teku. Shekaru biliyan kacal da suka wuce, kwayoyin halittun ruwa da ake kira cyanobacteria sun fara amfani da kuzarin rana wajen karya kwayoyin halitta.
Ruwa (H2O) da carbon dioxide (CO2) suna sake haɗe su zuwa gabobin halitta da oxygen (O2) kyauta, wato, lokacin da haɗin sinadarai tsakanin hydrogen da oxygen ya karye, ƙarshen yana fitowa cikin yanayi daga oxygen. photosynthesis yana haɗuwa da kwayoyin carbon don samar da kwayoyin CO2. Tsarin juya makamashin hasken rana zuwa iskar oxygen kyauta ta hanyar rarraba kwayoyin halitta ana kiransa photosynthesis kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin tsire-tsire, kodayake babban mataki ne zuwa yanayin duniya da muke da shi a yau. Wannan babban bala'i ne ga kwayoyin anaerobic, saboda idan iskar oxygen a cikin yanayi ya karu, CO2 yana raguwa.
Samuwar yanayi da iskar gas
A lokacin, wasu kwayoyin iskar oxygen da ke cikin sararin samaniya suna shakar kuzari daga haskoki na ultraviolet da rana ke fitarwa kuma suka rabu su zama daidaitattun kwayoyin oxygen. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna hade da sauran iskar oxygen don samar da kwayoyin halittun ozone (O3), wadanda ke shayar da hasken ultraviolet daga rana. Shekaru biliyan 4, adadin ozone bai isa ya toshe shigowar hasken ultraviolet ba, wannan ba zai bari rayuwa ta wanzu a wajen teku ba. Kimanin shekaru miliyan 600 da suka gabata, saboda rayuwar ruwa, yanayin duniya ya kai matakin ozone yana da girma sosai don ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet mai cutarwa, wanda ya haifar da bullar rayuwa a nahiyoyi. A wannan lokaci, matakin oxygen shine kusan 10% na darajar yanzu. Shi ya sa, kafin wannan, rayuwa ta takaitu ga teku. Koyaya, kasancewar ozone yana haifar da halittun ruwa yin ƙaura zuwa ƙasa.
Ci gaba da hulɗa tare da al'amuran duniya daban-daban sun ci gaba da faruwa a cikin sararin samaniya har sai da ya kai ga wani abu wanda a halin yanzu ya kai kashi 99 na hydrogen, oxygen, da argon. A halin yanzu, yanayin ba wai kawai yana aiki don kare al'amuran zahiri daban-daban da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya ba, har ma yana aiki a matsayin babban mai tsara tsarin thermodynamic, sinadarai da nazarin halittu waɗanda ke cikin juyin halitta da Abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya, idan ba tare da abin da rayuwa ba za ta kasance kamar yadda muka sani ba. Wannan cudanya da yanayin yanayin teku akai-akai, kariyar ozone daga hasken rana mai cutarwa, da yanayin kwanciyar hankali ya ba da damar rayuwa ta ci gaba da wanzuwa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da samuwar yanayi da yadda aka gudanar da shi.