Geothermal shuka
Otherarfin ƙasa shine ƙarfin da za a iya samu ta hanyar cin gajiyar zafin cikin Duniya. Wannan zafin ya faru ne sanadiyyar dalilai da dama, sauran zafin nasa da suka rage, dan tudu na geothermal (karin zafin jiki da zurfin) da zafin rediyo (lalacewar isotopes na radiogenic), da sauransu.
Amfani da makamashin geothermal ya yadu a wasu ƙasashe kamar Islandia wanda ya kai kusan kashi 70% na makamashin da ake amfani da shi saboda wurin da yake. A wasu yankuna masu irin wannan damar, kamar su Azores, ba ta yadu kamar haka. A wasu kasashe kamar Holland amfani da shi yana iyakance ga dumama kuma a Madrid misali ana amfani dashi a cikin tsarin iska na cikin ƙasa na metro. Aikace-aikacen zuwa aikin noma, har yanzu basu yadu ba sosai, na iya ba da damar samun ciyayi mai ɗorewa.
Otherarfin ƙasa shine makamashi mafi inganci duka ta mahangar amfani da kuzari da tanadin tattalin arziƙi. Yana wakiltar a tanadi makamashi da tattalin arziki tsakanin 60 da 80% idan aka kwatanta da tsarin kwandishan na gargajiya kamar gas ko man dizal. Hakanan yana da inganci fiye da sauran kuzari masu sabuntawa, kamar su biomass ko hasken rana, idan aka kwatanta da wanda yake wakiltar tanadi na fiye da 50%.
Geothermal greenhouses
Ana neman ta ta hanyar amfani da makamashin geothermal, ba wai kawai don samar wa shuke-shuke mafi kyawun yanayin muhalli da yanayin ci gaba ba a duk lokacin da suke juyin, amma kuma don rage farashin makamashi zuwa matsakaici da abin da ya fi mahimmanci, don rage matsakaicin gurɓataccen yanayi.
Greenhouses don amfanin gona suna da buƙatun makamashi waɗanda zasu buƙaci kusan tan 400 na mai a matsakaici a kowace kadada a cikin watanni masu ƙarancin dumi. Wadannan buƙatun mai na burbushin za a rage su zuwa 0 ta hanyar amfani da zafin ciki da iskar gas wanda ake samarwa a wasu zurfafawa.
Ta amfani da dabaru masu sanyaya iska daban-daban, za'a iya samar da zazzabi mai dacewa a duk shekara ta hanyar ƙara zafin jiki a lokacin hunturu da rage zafin cikin kamar yadda ya kamata a lokacin bazara. Yin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa a cikin kwandon ruwa yana da yawa, tun da ba duk tsire-tsire ke buƙatar cin abincin kalori iri ɗaya ba. A cikin matakan farko na greenhouse, cikin haɗuwa da mafi tsananin ruwa, za a sami tsire-tsire masu tsananin buƙata. Wannan amfani da kwalin yana adana farashi da kuzari.
Wannan nau'in makamashi yana da fa'idodi da yawa: za a kauce wa dogaro da makamashi daga waje, ɓarnatar za ta ragu zuwa mafi ƙaranci kuma zai haifar da tasirin tasirin muhalli fiye da waɗanda ke samar da makamashin konewa. Bugu da kari, wannan tsarin na adanawa kwarai da gaske, a bangaren tattalin arziki da kuzari kuma yana dauke kusan rashin karar hayaniya. Hakanan dole ne a la'akari da cewa makamashi ne mai sabuntawa kuma ba batun farashin kasuwa ba. Girman da ake buƙata don tsire-tsire yana da kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da sauran kuzari kuma tasirinsa na gani ya yi ƙasa sosai tunda ba ya buƙatar gina madatsun ruwa, gandun daji, ko gina tankunan ajiyar mai.
Kodayake hakan ma yana da wasu nakasu: a wasu lokuta fitowar haidashid sulfide wanda da yawa ba a fahimtarsa kuma yana da lahani, gurɓatar ruwan da ke kusa da abubuwa kamar su arsenic, ammonia, gurɓataccen yanayi, lalacewar wuri mai faɗi kuma hakan ba zai iya ba zama sufuri (azaman makamashi na farko) kuma amfani da shi ya iyakance ga wasu wurare.
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