Tsarin nitrogen

El sake zagayowar nitrogen yana da mahimmin zagayowar biogeochemical don daidaitaccen aikin rayuwa. Akwai nau'ikan hawan keɓaɓɓen ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda sune waɗanda ke tabbatar da kyakkyawan yanayin muhalli don ci gaban rayuwa. Duk rayayyun halittu sun dogara ne da zagayowar nitrogen don ci gaban su da ci gaban su.

A saboda wannan dalili, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku duk halaye, asali da muhimmancin kewayen nitrogen.

Mene ne sake zagayowar nitrogen?

Tsarin nitrogen ba komai bane a ciki tsarin sunadarai da tsarin rayuwa wanda ke bada damar wadatar halittu masu rai da sinadarin nitrogen domin cigaban su. Kuma shine wannan mahimmin abu yana da mahimmanci don halitta mai rai ta bunkasa gabaɗaya. Akwai tafkuna daban-daban, matakai a cikin wannan zagayen waɗanda ke da mahimmancin gaske ga rayuwar ɗan adam. Kamar yadda yake tare da sake zagayowar carbon da sauran hawan keke, akwai hanyoyin fitar da wannan abu. A gefe guda, don sake zagayowar ya rufe gaba ɗaya, dole ne ya kasance akwai hanyoyin narkar da nitrogen. Ta wannan hanyar, an cimma cewa daidaiton nitrogen na duniya dole ne ya kasance mai karko saboda komai yayi aiki daidai.

Koyaya, mutane suna haifar da tasiri daban-daban na mahalli a duk duniya kuma wannan tasirin yana da matukar tasiri. Daga cikin halayen da muke da su game da wannan zagayen halittun mu na rayuwa muna da asalin sa. Kuma shine cewa nitrogen ya samo asali ne daga halittar sabuwar atomic nuclei, sinadaran da ba na karafa ba a cikin yanayin iskar gas. Mun san cewa nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke tattare da kayan sunadarai suna bayyana a duk zagayen. Aikin dukkan abubuwa yana farawa daga asarar wutan lantarki. Wannan shine lokacin, ba tare da lantarki ba, amino acid, DNA da sunadarai za'a iya yin su. Godiya ga duk wannan abun, zagayen nitrogen shine ke da alhakin taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaban shuke-shuke da kwayoyin halittar rayayyun halittu.

Kodayake nau'ikan sabis ne na tsarin halittu marasa tasiri, amma yana da asali ga ci gaban rayuwa. Sabili da haka, dole ne ku koya don adana wannan sake zagayowar saboda yana da mahimmanci.

Nitrogen yana ajiyar sikelin duniya

Zamuyi nazarin wadanda sune manyan wuraren da ake samun sinadarin nitrogen a ma'aunin duniya. Kashi na farko shi ne yanayi. Mun san cewa yanayinmu yana da babban kasancewarl nitrogen, wannan shine kashi 78% na dukkan gas. Yana da yawancin wannan layin iska. Kodayake nitrogen na yanayi baya aiki kuma baya yin kowane irin aiki, amma yana taka rawar sa a duk wannan.

Wani yanki inda akwai matattarar nitrogen yana cikin duwatsu masu laushi. 21% nitrogen ana samunsa hade da kwayoyin halitta kuma an rarraba su a cikin tekuna. Kar mu manta cewa rayuwar ruwa tana bukatar nitrogen don samun damar bunkasa yadda ya kamata. Nitrogen a cikin rayuwar ruwa an haɗa shi ta wata hanya daban. Akwai rayayyun halittu da yawa da ke buƙatar nitrogen a cikin kwanakin su yau don samun damar cika muhimman ayyuka.

Kashi na karshe na tafkin wannan sinadarin shine a cikin kananan halittu. Theananan halittun da ke shiga cikin tsarin nitrogen sune waɗanda aka sani da sunan masu gyara, nitrifiers da denitrifiers. Gyara abubuwa sune kwayoyin halittar da ke da niyyar gyara nitrogen a jikinka ko kuma a wasu kwayoyin. A gefe guda muna da nitrifiers. Labari ne game da wadancan halittu masu rai wadanda nitrogen ke ciyar dasu a matsayin wani bangare na kwayoyin halitta. Denitrifiers sune wadanda ke cire nitrogen sakamakon tasirin sinadarai.

Lokaci na sake zagayowar nitrogen

Zamu ga menene manyan matakan da wannan zagayen yake bi tunda yana ta ci gaba. Mun sami matakai daban-daban wanda nitrogen ya kasance kamar gas yana ɗauke da wani dacewa ko wata. Bari mu ga menene manyan matakan:

• Gyarawa: Lokaci ne wanda duk mai rai ke samu nitrogen na yanayi wanda zai iya amfani dashi ta hanyar abiotic. Wannan kawai wani ɓangare ne na yanayin halittar da basu da masaniya. Misali, makamashin lantarki daga walƙiya da hasken rana abubuwa ne masu banƙyama. Rayuwa mai rai shine ɓangaren da ke iya samun nitrogen daga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke cikin ƙasa.
• Assimilation: nitrates sun tsaya a nan. Duk lokacin wannan zagayen, tsirrai suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin cytoplasm na ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire muna da nitrates waɗanda aka rage zuwa nitrites. A cikin nitrite yana aiki don samun damar haɗa shi cikin shuka ta tushen sa. Mun sani cewa tsire-tsire suna amfani da nitrogen a matsayin abinci domin girma da haifuwa.
• Ificationaddamarwa: shine lokacin sake zagayowar nitrogen inda ake jujjuya shi zuwa ammonium ion saboda aikin microorganisms na aerobic. Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne waɗanda suke aiki a gaban iskar oxygen.
• Tsarkakewa: Bangaren aiwatarwa ne wanda ya kunshi hada kwayoyin halitta na ammonia ta hanyar kananan kwayoyin. Godiya ga wannan nitrification, ammonia nitrogen ya koma cikin kasar don shuke-shuke su sake amfani dashi.
• Motsa jiki: shi ne kishiyar tsari zuwa nitrification.
• Karyatawa: shine akasin tsarin gyarawa. Anan muna da tsari wanda aka sani da numfashi na anaerobic. Wato, irin wannan tsari yana faruwa ne idan babu iskar oxygen. Wannan aikin da ke da alhakin dawo da nitrogen zuwa yanayi da narkar da narkewar cikin ruwan. Shine lokaci na ƙarshe na sake zagayowar inda komai ya koma asalin sa.

Mahimmanci

Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, wannan sake zagayowar yana da mahimmanci a matakin muhalli. Nitrogen yana da mahimmanci ga kwayoyin har tsawon lokacin da zasu iya amfani dashi. Abu ne mai mahimmanci don samar da DNA, amino acid, sunadarai da nucleic acid. Hakanan sun zama wani ginshiki mai mahimmanci ga ci gaba da haɓaka cikin aikin noma. Mafi yawan takin gargajiya da ake amfani dasu a cikin aikin gona don sa amfanin gona ya yi saurin girma kuma tare da kyawawan halaye suna da oxygen mai yawa.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da zagayowar nitrogen da halayensa.