Abin sani Rover

injin sararin samaniya akan mars

El Rover Curiosity wata na'ura ce ta binciken sararin samaniyar duniyar Mars, inda ta dauki hotunan gizagizai masu haske da wata mai yawo. Na'urorin firikwensin radiyon na rover suna ba masana kimiyya damar auna yawan adadin kuzarin da za a fallasa 'yan sama jannatin nan gaba a saman Marrian, suna taimaka wa NASA gano yadda za a kiyaye su.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Curiosity rover, fasalinsa da bincikensa.

Babban fasali

hoton rover son sani

Curiosity rover na'ura ce ta sararin samaniya da ke binciken sararin duniyar Mars tun lokacin da ta sauka a watan Agustan 2012. NASA ce ta kera ta kuma ta kera ta. wannan motar mutum-mutumi wani bangare ne na aikin dakin gwaje-gwajen kimiyyar Mars (MSL) kuma yana da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa waɗanda suka sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan rovers zuwa yau.

Yana da girma kusan girman karamar mota. Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin mita 2,9, fadin mita 2,7 da tsayin mita 2,2. Jimlar nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 900. An sanye shi da ƙafafu guda shida, kowanne daga cikinsu yana da diamita na santimita 50, wanda ke ba shi damar tafiya cikin sauri da kuma zagayawa cikin mawuyacin yanayi na duniyar Mars.

Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun fasalulluka na Curiosity rover shine tsarin wutar lantarki. Yana da wani janareta na thermoelectric radioisotope (RTG), wanda yana amfani da zafin da ke haifarwa ta ruɓewar plutonium-238 don samar da wutar lantarki. Wannan tushen wutar lantarki yana bawa rover damar yin aiki na dogon lokaci, har ma a cikin yanayin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi.

Har ila yau, tana da nagartattun kayan aikin kimiyya iri-iri a cikin jirgin. Yana da tsarin nazarin samfurin da ake kira SAM (Sample Analysis at Mars), wanda ke da ikon yin nazarin sinadarai na duwatsun Mars da ƙasa. Yana da na'urar sikeli na Laser wanda zai iya vaporize ƙananan sassa na abu don nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin sa. Bugu da ƙari, yana da ginanniyar kyamarori masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke ɗaukar hotuna da cikakkun hotuna na farfajiyar Martian.

Yana da hannu na mutum-mutumi da aka zayyana kuma yana iya tsawan tsayin mita 2,1. A ƙarshen hannu akwai kayan aiki da yawa, ciki har da rawar jiki, goga, da kamara, waɗanda ke ba ku damar ɗaukar samfura da gudanar da bincike kai tsaye a saman Marrian.

Tsarin sadarwar su yana da ban sha'awa. Yana amfani da eriya masu tarin yawa don isar da bayanai ta hanyar sadarwar sadarwar NASA, wanda ke baiwa masana kimiyya a Duniya damar karɓar bayanai masu mahimmanci game da Mars a ainihin lokacin.

Abubuwan da aka gano na Curiosity rover

mast a duniyar Mars

Daga cikin abubuwan da aka gano na Curiosity rover akan Mars dole ne mu An ƙaddara cewa ruwa mai ruwa, tare da sinadarai da sinadarai masu mahimmanci don tallafawa rayuwa, sun wanzu a Gale Crater na akalla shekaru goma na miliyoyin shekaru. Ramin ya taɓa ƙunshe da tafkin, wanda ya girma kuma ya ragu cikin lokaci. Kowane Layer na Dutsen Sharp yana rubuta ƙarin yanayin yanayin Martian na kwanan nan.

Yanzu rover mara tsoro yana ratsa wani rafi da ke nuni da sauye-sauye zuwa wani sabon yanki da ake kyautata zaton ya samu lokacin da ruwan ya bushe, ya bar ma'adinan gishiri da aka fi sani da sulfates.

"Muna ganin alamun sauye-sauye masu ban mamaki a yanayin tsohon yanayin Martian," in ji masanin kimiyyar aikin Curiosity Ashwin Vasavada na NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory a kudancin California. “Tambayar yanzu ita ce ko yanayin da ake iya rayuwa da son sani ya ci karo da shi zuwa yanzu ya dore ta hanyar waɗannan canje-canje. Sun tafi har abada ko sun zo sun tafi shekaru miliyoyi?

The Curiosity rover ya sami ci gaba mai ban mamaki a kan dutsen. A cikin 2015, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki hoton "katin gidan waya" na dutse mai nisa. Karamin tabo a cikin wannan hoton shine dutsen mai girman son sani da ake yiwa lakabi da "Ilha Novo Destino," kusan shekaru bakwai bayan rover din ya wuce shi a watan jiya akan hanyarsa ta zuwa filin sulfate.

Tawagar tana shirin bincika yankin mai arzikin sulfate a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. A cikinsa, suna la'akari da hari irin su tashar Gediz Vallis, wanda watakila ya samo asali a lokacin ambaliya a ƙarshen tarihin Dutsen Sharp, da kuma manyan karaya da aka yi da siminti wanda ke nuna tasirin ruwan karkashin kasa a kan dutsen.

Yadda suke kiyaye Curiosity rover yana gudana

rover son sani

Mutane suna tambayar menene sirrin Curiosity rover shine kiyaye wannan salon rayuwa yana ɗan shekara 10. Amsar ita ce ƙungiyar ɗaruruwan injiniyoyi masu kwazo waɗanda ke aiki duka a JPL da nesa daga gida.

Wannan tawagar tana tsara duk wani tsagewar ƙafafu, tana gwada kowane layi na lambar kwamfuta kafin a watsa shi zuwa sararin samaniya, kuma ta yi gwajin samfuran dutse marasa iyaka a Mars Yard na Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Mars Yard don tabbatar da cewa zai iya kasancewa cikin aminci a jajayen duniya.

Andy Mishkin, manajan shirin Curiosity na wucin gadi a JPL ya ce "Da zarar kun sauka a duniyar Mars, duk abin da kuke yi an riga an tsara shi ne kan cewa babu wani a cikin mil miliyan 100 da zai iya gyara shi." "Yana game da yin amfani da wayo na abin da ke kan rover."

Misali, an canza tsarin hakowa sau da yawa tun lokacin da ya sauka. A wani lokaci, wannan atisayen ya ƙare sama da shekara guda yayin da injiniyoyi suka daidaita shi don ya zama kamar rawar hannu. Kwanan nan, saitin hanyoyin birki waɗanda ke ba da izinin motsi ko tsayawa a wurin sun daina aiki. Duk da cewa hannun yana gudana kamar yadda aka saba tare da saitin kayan aikin da yake da shi, ƙungiyar ta kuma koyi haƙa ramuka a hankali don kare sabon birki.

Don rage lalacewar ƙafafun, injiniyoyi sun sa ido ga haɗari, kamar ƙasa mai tudu da suka gano kwanan nan, kuma sun ƙirƙiri tsarin sarrafa motsi don taimakawa.

Tawagar ta dauki irin wannan hanya wajen sarrafa karfin rover din a hankali yana raguwa. Tana da batura masu amfani da makamashin nukiliya na dogon lokaci maimakon hasken rana. Yayin da atom ɗin plutonium da ke cikin batura ke ruɓe, suna haifar da zafi, wanda rover ɗin ya canza zuwa wutar lantarki. Rover ba zai iya yin adadin yawan aiki a rana ɗaya kamar yadda ya yi a shekararsa ta farko ba, yayin da atom ɗin ke watsewa a hankali.

Mishkin ya ce kungiyar na ci gaba da gano yawan wutar da rover din ke amfani da shi a kowace rana, kuma tuni ta gano waɗanne ayyuka za a iya yi a layi daya don haɓaka ƙarfin da ake samu na rover. Ta hanyar tsare-tsare a hankali da ƙwarewar injiniya, ƙungiyar tana sa ido ga shekaru masu yawa na binciken da ke gaba don wannan rover mara ƙarfi.

Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Curiosity rover da halayensa.


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