Launin lemar sararin samaniya shine yankin da maganin zai kasance inda yawan ozone ya fi yadda yake. Wannan shimfidar yana kiyaye mu daga mummunan hasken ultraviolet daga rana. Koyaya, watsi da wasu sinadarai da aka sani da sunan chlorofluorocarbons a ya haifar da wani rami a cikin lemar sararin samaniya. Wannan rami sananne ne shekaru da yawa kuma yana raguwa godiya ga yarjejeniyar Montreal.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da rami a cikin ozone layer.
Ma'anar lemar sararin samaniya
Bari mu fara sanin menene ozone layer. Yana da nau'in nau'in kariya mai kariya wanda ke cikin madaidaicin sararin samaniya. Wannan shimfidar ta yi aiki a matsayin matattara don haskakawar hasken rana na ultraviolet wanda ke cutar da halittu masu rai. Ba ya zama garkuwa a kan wannan iska ta ultraviolet ta hanyar da ke tabbatar da rayuwa a duniya kamar yadda muka san shi a yau.
Duk da cewa wannan layin yana da matukar mahimmanci don rayuwa, da alama har yanzu mutane suna da niyyar lalata shi. Chlorofluorocarbons Abubuwa ne na sunadarai wadanda ta hanyoyi daban-daban suka lalata ozone da ke cikin sifar. Gas ne wanda ya kunshi sinadarin flourine, chlorine da carbon. Lokacin da wannan sinadarin ya isa gareshi to zai iya daukar hoto tare da hasken rana. Wannan yana haifar da kwayar halitta ta lalace kuma suna son kwayoyin chlorine. Chlorine yana aiki tare da ozone a cikin stratosphere, yana haifar da atomatik masu iska da kera ozone. Ta wannan hanyar, fitowar wadannan sunadarai na ci gaba da haifar da lalata ozone layer.
Bayan haka, dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa waɗannan sunadarai suna da rayuwa mai amfani a cikin yanayi. Godiya ga yarjejeniyar Montreal, an hana fitar da waɗannan sinadarai kwata-kwata. Koyaya, har wa yau, ozone layer har yanzu ya lalace. Ramin a cikin ozone layer yana da kyau inganta a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Bari muyi nazarin wannan sosai.
Rami a cikin lemar sararin samaniya
Ozone yana cikin mashigar sararin samaniya a tsayi tsakanin kilomita 15 zuwa 30. Wannan shimfidar ta kunshi kwayoyin ozone wanda shine, bi da bi, wanda ya kunshi 3 atomic oxygen atoms. Aikin wannan Layer shine ya sha ruwan ultraviolet B, yana aiki azaman matattara don rage lalacewa.
Rushewar ozone layer yana faruwa yayin da ake samun tasirin sinadarai wadanda suke haifar da lalata wannan ozone na ozto. Rana mai amfani da hasken rana ana tace ta ozone layer kuma anan ne kwayoyin ozone suke lalacewa ta hanyar hasken ultraviolet B. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, kwayoyin ozone suna rarrabuwa zuwa oxygen da dioxide. Wannan tsari ana kiran sa photolysis. Yana nufin karyewar kwayar halitta ta hanyar aikin haske.
Hanyoyin dioxide da oxygen ba su warwatse gaba daya, amma sun sake hadewa, suna sake yin ozone. Wannan matakin ba koyaushe yake faruwa ba kuma shine ke haifar da ramuka a cikin ozone layer. Babban sanadin wadanda suke lalata lemar ozone a cikin hanzarin hanzari shine watsi da chlorofluorocarbons. Kodayake mun ambata cewa abin da ya faru daga rana yana lalata ozone, yana yin hakan ta yadda daidaitaccen zai kasance tsaka-tsaki. Wato, adadin ozone wanda aka lalata ta hanyar daukar hoto yayi daidai ko kasa da adadin ozone wanda zai iya samuwa ta hanyar haduwa tsakanin kwayoyin.
Wannan yana nufin cewa babban dalilin lalacewar lemar ozone saboda fitowar chlorofluorocarbons. Kungiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya ta tabbatar da cewa za a sake dawo da sashin ozone a kusan shekara ta 2050 albarkacin hana wadannan kayayyaki. Ka tuna cewa duk waɗannan ƙididdiga ne tun, koda kuwa an dakatar da waɗannan sunadarai, suna cikin yanayi na shekaru da yawa.
Sakamakon rami a cikin ozone layer
Musamman, ramin ozone yafi yawa akan Antarctica. Duk da cewa mafi yawan gas din da ke cutar da ozone an fitar dashi a kasashen da suka ci gaba, akwai wani yanayi na yanayi da ke dauke da wadannan iskar gas zuwa Antarctica. Har ila yau, ga wannan dole ne mu ƙara lokacin da waɗannan gas suke kasancewa cikin sararin samaniya kuma suna iya lalata ozone.
Godiya ga yaduwar duniya baki daya, wadannan gas sun amfana da yanayin zafin da ke kudu maso gabas kuma sun karya wannan tarin ozone. Kuma wannan shine lalata layin da aka faɗi idan ya ƙara ƙarfafa ƙarancin zafin. Wannan yana haifar da raguwar zafin ozone don ƙaruwa a lokacin hunturu yayin da yake murmurewa a lokacin bazara.
Akwai illoli daban-daban na lalacewa ko lalata layin ozone. Za mu bincika abin da suke dogara da wanda suka shafi.
Sakamakon kiwon lafiyar dan adam
- Ciwon fata Yana daya daga cikin sanannun cututtukan da suka danganci kamuwa da cutar ta ultraviolet B. Ya zama dole ayi sunbathe tare da kariya tunda cutar bata bayyana a wannan lokacin, amma sama da shekaru.
- Tsarin rigakafi: Yin aiki akan kwayar halitta a hankali yana rage karfin kare kawunanmu daga cututtukan cututtuka.
- Rikicin hangen nesa: zai iya haifar da ciwon ido da kuma saurin daukar kwayar cutar.
- Matsalar numfashi: Wasu matsaloli asma ne saboda karuwar ozone a cikin ƙananan layin yanayi.
Sakamakon abin da ya shafi dabbobin duniya da na ruwa
Ta shafi mummunan dabbobin ƙasar kuma yana da sakamako irin wannan ga mutane. Game da fauna na ruwa, wannan iskar ta kai ga saman ta hanyar da kai tsaye take shafar phytoplankton a cikin tekuna. Wannan phytoplankton ya rage yawan mutanen su ta yadda zai shafi sarkar abinci.
Sakamakon sakamako akan tsire-tsire
Faruwar wannan mummunar cutar ta ultraviolet mai cutarwa tana shafar ci gaban jinsunan shuke-shuke, yana haifar da furanninsu da lokutan girma su bambanta. Duk wannan yana shafar rage yawan tsire-tsire da albarkatu.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da ramin a cikin ozone layer.