Permian fauna

Permian fauna

A cikin zamanin Paleozoic akwai lokuta 6 wanda aka raba lokacin ilimin ƙasa. Yayin Lokacin Permian, wanda yake tsakanin sanyin jiki da kuma Triassic rayuwa ta bayyana tare da manyan canje-canje. Da Permian fauna tana da matsayin mai nuna mata hoton farko na dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma fadadawa da fadada wasu halittu masu rai wadanda suka kasance. Lokacin Permian ya kai kimanin shekaru miliyan 48 kuma an dauke shi lokacin miƙa mulki ga duniya duka a matakin ilimin ƙasa da yanayin canjin yanayi.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da halaye da halittar dabbobi na Permian.

Lokacin Permian

Akwai kwararru da yawa da suke yin bincike akai-akai game da wannan lokacin tunda ana iya samun bayanai masu mahimmanci. Musamman a ƙarshen Permian yana da sha'awar kimiyya tun lokacin da aka gabatar dashi  mafi girman bala'i da bala'in halaka mutane a duk faɗin duniya. Wannan tsari na halaka mutane ya fi muhimmanci fiye da ƙarshen dinosaur ɗin a cikin nura_m_inuwa.

Lokacin ƙarewa ya zama sananne da "Babban Mutuwa" kuma a ciki fiye da kashi 90% na dukkan halittu masu rai sun bace. Yan tsirarun jinsuna ne kawai suka rayu wanda ya baiwa sauran shahararrun dabbobi damar a tarihin duniya kamar su dinosaur. Jimlar tsawon lokacin Permian an kiyasta shi zuwa shekaru miliyan 48, farawa shekaru miliyan 299 da suka gabata kuma ya ƙare shekaru miliyan 251 da suka gabata.

A wannan lokacin yanayin yana canzawa sosai. Dukansu a farko da kuma ƙarshen wannan lokacin, sun sami gogewar yanayi kuma yanayin yana cikin tsaka-tsakin yanayi mai dumi da danshi.

Babban Mutuwa a cikin fawan Permian

A wannan lokacin wasu nau'ikan dabbobi sun sami babban yaduwa. A wannan yanayin, mun sami babban juyin halitta a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe wadanda ake daukar su azaman dabbobi masu shayarwa. Kuma a cikin wasu bayanan burbushin halittu ana iya samun kakannin dabbobi masu shayarwa na yanzu. Wato, dabbobi masu shayarwa daga yanzu suna zuwa daga dabbobi masu rarrafe.

Dangane da Babban Mutuwa ya kasance ɗayan mahimman abubuwan afkuwar halaka a duk duniya. Ya faru a cikin wannan lokacin tuni a ƙarshensa kusan farkon lokacin Triassic. Hari ne na lalacewa mafi muni da duk duniyarmu ta taɓa fuskanta. Kuma shine cewa kashi 90% na nau'in halittu masu rai da suka mamaye duniya sun mutu. Ba a san gaba ɗaya abin da ya haifar da wannan ɓarkewar ɗimbin ɗimbin ba, amma akwai wasu ra'ayoyin da ke ƙoƙarin gabatar da abin da ya faru.

Daga cikin ra'ayoyin da aka fi shafa shi ne na a tsananin aikin aman wuta wanda ya haifar da fitar da dumbin carbon dioxide zuwa sararin samaniya. Kamar yadda muka sani, wannan carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas tare da ikon riƙe zafi. Yawancin carbon dioxide da aka saki cikin sararin samaniya ya haifar da ƙaruwar matsakaicin yanayin muhalli. Wannan shine yadda ya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali a matakin duniya kuma yawancin rayayyun halittu ba zasu iya daidaitawa da yanayin muhalli ba.

Wani shawarwarin shine musababbin sakin hydrocarbons daga cikin tekun da kuma tasirin meteorite. Duk abin da ya haifar da shi, masifa ce mai girman gaske wacce ta shafi duk yanayin muhalli da ya wanzu a duniya a lokacin.

Permian fauna

babban mace-mace a cikin perunaan fauna

A wannan lokacin, ana kiyaye wasu nau'in dabbobi da suka samo asali a lokutan da suka gabata. Koyaya, muhimmin rukuni na sababbin dabbobi kamar sun kasance dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wadannan dabbobi ana daukar su kakannin dabbobi masu shayarwa a yanzu. An sami rayuwa mai banbanci sosai a cikin tekuna.

Invertebrates

Daga cikin invertebrates da suka yi fice daga dabbobi na Permian, an ambaci wasu ƙungiyoyin ruwa irin su echinoderms da mollusks. Godiya ga karatun kimiyya daban-daban, ya kasance ya yiwu a samo burbushin halittu na bivalves da gastropods, gami da wasu masanan. A cikin wannan rukuni da tsarin halittun ruwa, mambobin bakin kogi inda ake samun sponges sun yi fice. Wadannan dabbobin sune wadanda suka samo asali daga mafi yawan shingayen katanga.

Duk da cewa mafi yawan wadannan dabbobin sun bace, an sami wani burbushin halitta wanda a cikinsa aka banbanta jinsuna sama da dubu 4. Babban fasalin sa shine cewa wadannan dabbobi an kiyaye su ta hanyar murfin kayan aiki. A gefe guda, cututtukan arthropods, musamman kwari, suna da ci gaba mai kyau kamar a cikin lokutan da suka gabata. A wannan lokacin ya kamata a lura cewa girman kwarin ya ɗan fi muhimmanci fiye da yau. A cikin wannan rukunin dabbobi, sabbin umarni da yawa sun bayyana, kamar su Diptera da Coleoptera.

Vertebrates

Idan muka ci gaba da nazarin kashin baya, sai muka ga cewa suma sun sami fadada da fadadawa, a cikin halittun kasa da na ruwa. Kifi sune mafi wakiltar dabbobi a wannan lokacin. Anan zamu sami chondrichthyans kamar yadda sharks da kifi suke. Ofayan ɗayan kifayen kifayen da suka ɓace a lokacin Cretaceous yana rayuwa a wannan lokacin. Sharks na lokacin suna kama da na yanzu, kodayake ba su da yawa. Ba za su iya isa mita 2 kawai ba.

Mun kuma ga Orthacanthus. Nau'in kifi ne da ya kare a yau. Ya kasance daga rukunin kifayen kifayen teku kuma bayyanar ta bambanta. Jiki yayi kama da na leda kuma yana da hakora iri iri. Har ila yau muna da amphibians. Wadannan dabbobi sun sami ci gaba. Sun kasance ƙungiya ce mai banbanci kuma suna iya girman girman daga 'yan santimita zuwa mita 10.

A ƙarshe, mun ga hakan dabbobi masu rarrafe sune dabbobin da suka gabatar da mafi girman rarrabuwa. Daga cikin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe zamu sami therapsids, waɗanda sune gungun dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda aka ɗauka a matsayin magabatan mambobi na yau. Daga cikin halaye na musamman, mun gano cewa sun gabatar da nau'ikan hakora da yawa kuma kowannensu ya dace da ayyuka daban-daban. Bugu da kari, suna da gaɓoɓi 4 ko ƙafafu kuma abincinsu ya bambanta. Akwai halittun masu cin nama da na shuke-shuke.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da fa'idodin Permian


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