El Cenozoic an kasa shi zuwa zamani dayawa. Daya daga cikinsu shine Paleocene. Yana daya daga cikin tarihin kasa wanda ya fadada daga shekaru miliyan 66 da suka shude zuwa kimanin shekaru miliyan 56 da suka gabata. Wannan zamanin ya kai kimanin shekaru miliyan 10 kuma ya kasance bayan sanannen tsari na halaka dinosaur. A wannan lokacin duniyar tana cikin ɗayan mawuyacin yanayi da ta taɓa fuskanta a tsawon tarihinta. Koyaya, da shigewar lokaci ya daidaita har duniya ta zama kyakkyawan wurin zama kuma inda mafi yawan tsirrai da dabbobi zasu rayu.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Paleocene.
Babban fasali
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, wannan zamanin ya shafi kasa ya kai kimanin shekaru miliyan 10. A wannan lokacin akwai babban aikin ilimin ƙasa. Wannan yana nufin cewa duniyarmu tana aiki sosai ta mahangar ƙasa. A wannan lokacin babbar nahiyar da ake kira Pangea har yanzu tana cikin rabuwa. Farantocin tectonic da motsi suna ƙaruwa kuma nahiyoyin can suna motsawa zuwa wurin da suke a yau.
Wannan zamanin ya haskaka saboda yalwar halittu. A lokacin Paleocene kungiyoyin dabbobi da yawa zasu iya tsira daga wannan halaka mai yawa da ta haifar da bacewar dinosaur. A lokacin da ya gabata, sun sami damar daidaitawa da yanayin muhalli wanda ya kasance bayan wannan abin mamakin kuma sun sami damar rarrabawa, suna mamaye manyan yankuna.
Babban aikin ilimin kasa ya mamaye ayyukan faranti masu motsi. A wannan lokacin ya tabbatar da samuwar Laramide orogeny. Wannan tsari yana da matukar mahimmanci daga mahangar ilimin kasa tunda ya bada sakamako kai tsaye ga samuwar jerin tsaunuka da dama da ake da su yau a Arewacin Amurka da Mexico. Wadannan tsaunukan tsaunuka sune Duwatsu masu duwatsu da kuma Sierra Madre Oriental.
Gondwana na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashe bayan Pangea. Wannan babban yankin kuma ya ci gaba da rarrabuwa kuma sun kasance ɓangare na wannan babban filin ƙasa Afirka, Kudancin Amurka, Ostiraliya da Antarctica. Wadannan manyan filayen guda 4 sun tarwatse kuma sun fara motsi saboda tasirin guguwar nahiya a bangarori daban-daban. Antarctica ne wanda ya tafi zuwa ga dutsen kudu na duniyar duniyar inda zai ƙare ya cika da kankara. Dole ne mu fahimci cewa, ba tare da matsayin wannan nahiya a yanzu ba, da ba a rufe ta da kankara ba kuma zai zama nahiya kamar sauran.
Paleocene Geology da Climatology
Daga Nahiyar Afirka, ya koma arewa daga baya ya yi karo da Eurasia. Ostiraliya, a nata ɓangaren, ta ɗan matsa zuwa arewa maso gabas kodayake koyaushe tana zama a cikin kudancin duniya. Mun riga mun san cewa motsi nahiyoyi ya dogara da faranti na tectonic da isar ruwa na duniya ta alkyabbar.
Gashin da a yau ke wakiltar Kudancin Amurka ya koma arewa maso yamma har sai da ya kusa da Arewacin Amurka. Da yake ba su da haɗin kai, akwai wani yanki na ruwa a tsakaninsu wanda aka san shi da tekun nahiyoyi. Tsakanin ƙarshen gabashin Asiya da yammacin ƙarshen Arewacin Amurka sun bayyana wata gada ta ƙasa wacce ta sa suka kasance da alaƙa har tsawon dubunnan shekaru. A halin yanzu sararin yana tekun Pacific.
Dangane da yanayin Paleocene, waɗancan lokutan farkon yanayin duniya ya kasance mai tsananin sanyi da kuma bushe. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yanayin da tsohuwar fadada ta bari. Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, ya zama mafi yanayi mai dumi da dumi.
Yanayi na tashin zafin jiki
A wannan lokacin wani abin da ya faru ya faru wanda ya sa yanayin zafin ya karu da ƙaramin kashi. Wannan ƙaramin abin da ya faru ya zama sananne da matsakaiciyar zafin Paleocene.
Lamari ne na yanayi wanda yanayin duniyar ya tashi da matsakaicin digiri 6. Yin nazarin bayanan da ke akwai na yanayin yanayin duniya a wannan lokacin, zai yiwu a ga yadda zafin ya karu sosai a sandunan kuma. Wannan sananne ne tun lokacin da aka samo burbushin halittun da ke cikin ruwan tekun a cikin Tekun Arctic.
Wannan lamarin na ƙarin yanayin zafin jiki shima yana da sakamako akan jikin ruwa, wanda ya shafi yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta. Wadannan kwayoyin sunada tasirin wannan lamarin kuma tabbataccen misali shine cigaban dabbobi masu shayarwa. An yi ƙoƙari don bayyana dalilai daban-daban na ƙaruwar wannan zazzabi, tsananin aikin aman wuta yana cikin waɗanda abin ya fi shafa. Ofaya daga cikin tasirin tasirin kwatsam shine na tauraro mai wutsiya a doron Earthasa ko sakin iska mai yawa na methane zuwa sararin samaniya. Kamar yadda muka sani, iskar methane is a gas mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kuma mai riƙe zafi.
A ƙarshen Paleocene yanayin yana da ɗan dumi da kuma ɗumi.
Paleocene flora da fauna
Kawar da yawa ta haifar da yawancin jinsin da ke rayuwa da ci gaba, suna yaduwa, har ma sun zama sabbin halittu a duniya. Bari mu bincika fure. A wannan lokacin tsirrai da yawa sun samo asali wanda har yanzu yana ci gaba a yau kamar itacen dabino, conifers da cacti sune.
Yanayi mai ɗan ɗumi da ɗumi, ya fi dacewa da manyan yankuna waɗanda ke cike da shuke-shuke da ganyaye, suna ƙirƙirar abin da yau muka sani dazuzzuka da gandun daji.
Game da fauna, dabbobin da suka rayu suna da damar haɓaka da faɗaɗa cikin duniya. Dabbobin da suka samu ci gaba sosai sune tsuntsaye, da dabbobi masu rarrafe da kifi. Wannan ci gaban ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tare da ɓatar da dinosaur masu cin abincin dabbobi da yawa sun ɓace kuma gasar cinikin albarkatun ƙasa ta ragu.
Abubuwa masu rarrafe sun sami tagomashi ta yanayin yanayi da ya wanzu a wannan lokacin kuma yawancin mazauna zasu iya fadada shi. Game da dabbobi masu shayarwa, wataƙila ƙungiyar da ta fi nasara a tsakanin duk fauna na Paleocene.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Paleocene.