Mun san cewa dutsen mai aman wuta ginshiƙan yanayin ƙasa ne waɗanda ke fitar da magma da ke fitowa daga cikin ƙasa. Magma ba wani abu ba ne illa wani katon narkakkar dutse da ke fitowa daga rigar duniya. Idan magma ya isa saman ana kiransa lava. Akwai da yawa nau'ikan tsaunuka gwargwadon siffarsu da kuma irin kurjin da suke da shi.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku mene ne nau'ikan tsaunuka daban-daban da suke wanzu da kuma menene fashewar su.
Nau'in dutsen mai aman wuta gwargwadon ayyukansu
Waɗannan su ne manyan nau'ikan volcanoes bisa ga nau'in ayyukansu:
- Volcano mai aiki. Su ne tsaunukan da ba sa aiki kuma suna iya fashewa a kowane lokaci. Wannan yana faruwa a mafi yawan tsaunuka, amma a matsayin misali, zamu iya buga dutsen Cumbre Vieja a La Palma, Spain (yanzu yana fashewa), dutsen Etna a Sicily, Italiya (wanda ke fashewa a halin yanzu) da kuma Fuego volcano a Guatemala (a halin yanzu yana fashewa) da kuma Volcano na Irazú a Costa Rica.
- Volcano mara aiki. Ana kuma kiran su masu barci, kuma su ne dutsen mai aman wuta da ke kula da aiki kadan. Duk da ƙarancin aikinsa, lokaci-lokaci yana fashewa. Lokacin da ba a sami fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta tsawon ƙarni, ana ɗaukar dutsen mai aman wuta. Dutsen dutsen Teide a tsibirin Canary na Spain da babban dutsen mai aman wuta na Yellowstone a Amurka misalan tsaunukan da ke kwance. Duk da haka, duka misalan biyu sun nuna motsi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami girgizar ƙasa mai sauƙi a yankinsu, wanda ke nuna cewa har yanzu suna "rai" kuma suna iya zama masu aiki a wani lokaci, ba su ƙare ba ko kuma sun yi hijira.
- Wuta mai aman wuta. Su ne dutsen mai aman wuta na karshe da ya barke, wanda ya yi sama da shekaru 25.000. A kowane hali, masu binciken ba su yanke hukuncin cewa za su iya sake bayyana a wani lokaci ba. Wannan hanya kuma ana kiranta dutsen mai aman wuta wanda motsin tectonic ya kaura daga tushen magma. Dutsen Dutsen Diamond Head a Hawaii misali ne na dutsen mai aman wuta.
Nau'in tsaunuka bisa ga fashewar su
Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan tsaunuka daban-daban waɗanda ke wanzu bisa ga fashewar su:
- Dutsen dutsen Hawai. Lava daga waɗannan tsaunuka na ruwa ne kuma baya sakin iskar gas ko haifar da fashewa yayin fashewar. Saboda haka, fashewar volcanic yayi shiru. Yawancin tsaunukan Hawai suna da irin waɗannan fashewa, saboda haka sunan. Musamman, za mu iya ambaton dutsen mai aman wuta na Hawaii da ake kira Mauna Loa.
- Volcano na Strombolian. Ba kamar dutsen mai aman wuta da aka bayyana ba, dutsen mai aman wuta na Strombolia yana nuna ɗan ƙaramin lava mai gudana, tare da fashewar fashe-fashe. A haƙiƙa, lava yana yin kyalkyali yayin da yake ɗaga bututun, sannan aikin volcanic ɗin ya ragu don ƙaddamar da ƙwallan lava masu ƙarfi da ake kira volcanic projectiles. Sunan wannan dutsen mai aman wuta yana nufin dutsen mai aman wuta na Strombolia a Italiya, wanda ke tashi a hankali kowane minti 10.
- Vulcan volcanoes. A wannan yanayin, fashewar tashin hankali ne wanda zai iya lalata dutsen mai aman wuta da suke ciki. Lava yana da alaƙa da kasancewa mai danko sosai kuma yana ɗauke da iskar gas mai yawa. Alal misali, za mu iya ambata dutsen mai aman wuta na Vulcan a Italiya, wanda ayyukansa ya haifar da dutsen mai aman wuta.
- Volcano mai tsauri. Waɗannan tsaunuka suna da lava mai ɗanɗano sosai, wanda da sauri ya ƙarfafa kuma ya samar da filogi a cikin ramin. Babban matsa lamba da iskar gas ke haifarwa yana haifar da tsagewar da ke buɗewa, wani lokaci yana fitar da filogi da ƙarfi. Misali, za mu iya ambaton dutsen dutsen Bailey a Martinique, wanda daga cikinsa aka samo sunan wannan dutsen mai aman wuta.
- Hydromagmatic volcano. Ana samun fashewar aman wuta ta hanyar mu'amalar magma da ruwan kasa ko na sama. Dangane da rabon magma / ruwa, ana iya sakin tururi mai yawa. Irin wannan aikin volcane ya zama ruwan dare a cikin duwatsu masu aman wuta a yankin Campo de Calatrava na Spain.
- Dutsen dutsen Icelandic. A irin wannan nau'in dutsen mai aman wuta, lava yana gudana kuma ana fitar da fashewar ne ta hanyar tsagewar ƙasa, ba ta hanyar rami ba. Ta haka aka haifi faffadan tudun lawa. Yawancin wadannan duwatsu masu aman wuta suna cikin Iceland, shi ya sa aka samu sunansu. Misali na musamman shine dutsen dutsen Krafla a Iceland.
- Jirgin ruwa mai aman wuta. Ko da yake abin mamaki, akwai kuma dutsen mai aman wuta a kasan tekun. Tabbas fashewar teku yawanci ba ta daɗe ba. A wasu lokuta, lafazin da aka cire na iya isa saman ƙasa kuma ya samar da tsibiran volcanic yayin da yake sanyi.
Nau'in fashewa
Bari mu ɗan ƙara mai da hankali kan nau'in fashewar da kowane dutsen mai aman wuta ke da shi. Ya dogara da yanayin horo da haɓakawa. Bari mu ga menene nau'ikan fashewar da ke akwai:
- Harshen Hausa: Dutsen mai aman wuta yana fitar da lava mai ɗanɗano kaɗan, wanda yake da ruwa sosai domin ba shi da wani abu mai pyroclastic da yawa (wani cakuda mai zafi na iskar gas, ash, da gutsuttsuran dutse. Ana fitar da iskar gas a hankali, don haka fashewar kadan ne.
- Strombolian: volcanoes suna sakin kayan pyroclastic. Fashe-fashen na faruwa lokaci-lokaci kuma dutsen mai aman wuta ba ya ci gaba da fitar da lava.
- Vulcanian: Dutsen mai aman wuta yana fitar da lava mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano kaɗan kuma yana ƙarfafawa da sauri. Babban girgije na nau'ikan kayan pyroclastic kuma ana fitar da adadi mai yawa na toka. Suna halin fashewa a cikin nau'i na girgije mai kama da namomin kaza ko fungi. Ayyukan gabaɗaya suna farawa da fashewar nutsewa wanda ke fitar da tarkace. Babban yanayin yakan haɗa da fashewar magma mai danko, wanda ke da wadata da iskar gas mai aman wuta kuma ya zama gajimare masu duhu.
- Pliniana ko Vesuviana: Dutsen mai aman wuta yana fashe lava mai danko da karfi sosai. Ana siffanta shi da ƙarfin da ba a saba gani ba, ci gaba da fashewar iskar gas da fitar da toka mai yawa. Wani lokaci fashewar magma yakan sa saman dutsen mai aman wuta ya ruguje ya haifar da wani rami. A lokacin fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta na Prinia, toka mai kyau na iya yaduwa a manyan wurare. Fashewar dutsen dutsen Pliny ana kiransa da sunan sanannen masanin halitta na Roman Pliny the Elder, wanda ya mutu a fashewar tsaunin Vesuvius a shekara ta 79 AD.
- Brawler: Ana kiran wannan dutsen mai aman wuta ne bayan fashewar dutsen Pelee a Martinique a shekara ta 1902, wanda ya kashe dubban mutane. Lava ta ƙara ƙarfafa da sauri kuma ta ƙirƙiri filogi a cikin ramin. Tun da babu hanyar iskar gas, za a sami matsi mai yawa a cikin dutsen mai aman wuta, don haka bangon dutsen ya fara lalacewa kuma ana fitar da lava daga bangarorin biyu na bangon.
- Volcanic na ruwa: Fashewar fashewa ne da ake samu ta hanyar mu'amalar magma da ruwan karkashin kasa ko ruwan saman. Su ne "ruwa: daidai da fashewar strombolian, ko da yake sun fi fashewa.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da nau'ikan tsaunuka daban-daban da fashewar su.