A 'yan kwanakin da suka gabata wani rahoton kimiyya wanda aka buga a «Rahotannin Kimiyya» 7 (lambar labarin ita ce 5828 na shekarar 2017), ta haifar da sakamako mai ban tsoro. Ana fitar da methane da ke cikin kankara Arctic daga ƙarshen permafrost. Don fahimtar mahimmancin munin wannan abin, dole ne mu fara tuna cewa aljihunan iskar gas ne da ke makale a cikin kankara wanda da zarar ya narke sai ya yi sanyi dindindin Sakin gas na methane yana da tasirin tasirin greenhouse. Yana da sau 20/30 mafi ƙarfi da korau dangane da carbon dioxide.
Dangane da ƙididdigar binciken, iskar methane ita ce sanadi na 3 da ke haifar da hauhawar yanayin zafi a doron ƙasa. Matsalar anan ta ta'allaka ne da sassaucin wannan methane ɗin da aka kama kuma aka tara shi a ƙarƙashin kankara, wanda yanzu ana sake shi. Rashin kirkirar dusar kankara, wanda aka sanya masa suna saboda bambance-bambancensa daga na kwanan nan da na kankara, an kirkireshi a cikin Pleistocene. Tasirin da wannan na iya zama zai kasance mai girma saboda tasirin tasirinsa. Gas din da ake fitarwa yana kara dumama, wanda ke kara narkewa, wanda yake kara sakin methane gas daga yankunan da ba zasu sake yin sanyi ba ... da dai sauransu.
Ta yaya binciken ya samu?
Binciken, wanda aka gudanar a cikin 13.000km2 Mackenzine delta. Ita ce tsibirin arctic na biyu. Yankin da aka yi karatun ya kasance kilomita 320 daga yamma zuwa gabas sannan 240km daga arewa zuwa kudu. An dauki matakan a cikin kumbon Polar 5 daga Cibiyar Alfred Wegener Helmholtz, Cibiyar Kimiyyar Polar da Maribas. Kodayake ba da daɗewa ba aka buga binciken, lokacin da binciken ya ɗore a kan jirgin ya kasance tsakanin 2012 da 2013. Ciki har da jimillar kwanaki 5 na jirgin sama da hanyoyin jirgin 44 a shekara ta farko, da kwanakin tashi 7 da 40 hanyoyi a shekara ta biyu.
An auna ma'aunin kumbon ne da kan hanci mai tsawon mita 3, gami da bincike mai rami 5 don auna vector din iska ta 3D da aka saka a gaban jirgin. An samo iska mai samfuri daga mashigar da ke sama a cikin matattarar jirgin, kuma an yi nazarin ƙarfin gas na methane ne kawai akan RMT-200 a cikin 2012 A cikin 2013 an bincika shi a cikin mai binciken mai saurin Gas mai suna FGG24EP, duka na methane gas, carbon dioxide da tururin ruwa.
Waɗanne sakamako ne aka samu daga binciken?
An gudanar da binciken ne a cikin ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarshen Mackenzie Delta, Kanada. An auna iskar gas mai karfin methane da ake fuskanta a fadin 10.000km2. An nuna Permafrost yana aiki a matsayin babban kankara wanda ke adana ma'adinai da burbushin halittu.
Sirrin Permafrost
Na farko, raunin permafrost a cikin yanayi mai ɗumi ba zai iya haifar da haɓakar iskar gas na methane mai guba kawai ba. Amma kuma a cikin yawan hayakin iskar gas, wanda a halin yanzu ya makale a karkashin daddarewar yanayi Yayinda sabbin hanyoyin fitarwa suka bude saboda narkewar ruwan saman permafrost.
Haanƙan dusar ƙanƙara a Alaska. Hotuna daga NASA
Akwai ƙarin yankuna baya ga wanda aka yi karatu tare da irin wannan yanayin
Na biyu, sauran yankuna na Arctic dake da iskar gas da albarkatun mai, waɗanda a halin yanzu ke rufe su ta hanyar yanayin dusar ƙanƙara mai gudana, ana iya haɗa su yayin magance iskar gas na methane na gaba, idan dusar dusar kankarar ta dindindin ta ci gaba.
Sakamakon sakamako
Na uku, sakamakon da masana kimiyya suka samu yana nuna cewa hayakin methane na iskar gas na iya ba da gudummawa sosai ga sakamakon sakamako. Permafrost-Carbon-Climate (mafi fasaha). Musamman ma a yankunan permafrost masu saurin narkewa don haka sun cancanci kulawa sosai.
Bala'in da dumamar yanayi ke haifarwa na ƙara bayyana a duk ƙasashe. Tambayar ita ce shin zai isa kawai don rage hayaƙin CO2, ko kuwa za a yi wani abu game da shi. Muguwar da'irar da ake shigarta, da alama ba zata tsaya haka kawai ba.