Dan Adam ya ci gaba da tafiya don ci gaba da binciken sararin samaniya. A wannan yanayin, roka na Spain na farko da aka harba shine ruwa 1. Za a harba shi daga Cádiz kuma babban makasudin shi ne ya zama tauraron dan adam don sadarwa da binciken kimiyya.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Miura 1, fasalinsa, gini da ƙari mai yawa.
Menene Miura 1
Ita ce makamin roka daya tilo da aka gina a kasar Spain don safarar sararin samaniya, kuma zai sanya Spain ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da za su iya harba kananan tauraron dan adam zuwa sararin samaniya, masu mahimmanci ga mahimman sassa kamar sadarwa, tsaro ko binciken kimiyya.
Wannan wani aiki ne da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba akan sikelin Turai wanda PLD Space, wani kamfani na Sipaniya wanda ya samo asali a Elche. Shugaban zartarwa, Ezequiel Sánchez, ya bayyana a cikin jawabinsa inda ya ce an haife kamfanin ne daga "mafarkin wadanda suka kafa shi guda biyu, Raúl Torres da Raúl Verdú, hangen nesa na samun damar ba da gudummawar kananan masana'anta zuwa tseren sararin samaniya masu zaman kansu. ."
Don yin wannan, kamfanin ya ba da kuɗin aikin don shekaru 11 wanda ya ba su damar sanya na'urar tashi ta farko a kan kullun ƙaddamar a yau: «Hanyar zuwa nan tana da matukar wahala, kuma muna ci gaba da fuskantar matsaloli da dama.", in ji shi.
Ya nuna cewa tare da Miura 1 da dandalin ƙaddamarwa, Spain "yana nuna jagorancin fasaha a Turai, yana ba da damar da za ta ba mu damar jagorantar tsarin dabarun kananan tauraron dan adam. Wannan dole ne ya zama fifikon kasa.”
Miura 1, roka na Sipaniya
Taron ƙaddamarwa shine mataki na ƙarshe na shirin Miura kuma ya haɗa da gwaje-gwajen cancantar matakin jirgin da gwajin kayan aikin ƙasa wanda aka haɗa tare da INTA a matsayin ƙungiyar gudanarwa.
Duk wannan zai faru ne a cikin hangar kamfanin da ke El Arenosillo, inda kuma za a gudanar da aikin gyara da kuma shirya roka. Hakanan za'a yi gwaje-gwajen lodi da matsa lamba.
Bayan duba duk waɗannan matakan, Miura 1 zai matsa zuwa kushin cirewa. A can za a gudanar da gwaje-gwaje mafi mahimmanci: farko “gwajin rigar”. Wannan cikakken gwajin lodi ne wanda ya haɗa da duk matakan ƙaddamarwa kafin harbin injin, sannan gwajin ƙarshe ko 'gwajin zafi' ya biyo baya. Gwajin wuta ne a tsaye wanda injin roka zai yi wuta na daƙiƙa biyar. Nasarar wannan simintin zai ba da gaba don ƙaddamar da microlauncher na subbital.
Yaushe za a sake shi?
Ana bazuwar damar tashi guda huɗu tsakanin Afrilu da Mayu. Domin harba roka cikin sararin samaniya yadda ya kamata, ya zama dole, a gefe guda, cewa Miura 1 kanta ta wuce duk gwaje-gwaje kuma tana shirye ta fasaha, kuma a gefe guda, yana buƙatar yanayi mai kyau: Iskar ƙasa da ke ƙasa da kilomita 20 / h, tekuna masu nutsuwa kuma babu yuwuwar guguwa a kusa.
Kamfanin ya yi gargadin cewa aikin kaddamar da shi yana daukar kimanin sa'o'i 10, wanda a lokacin dole ne tawagar kwararru su tabbatar da cewa komai yana cikin tsari. Idan an gano ƙananan abubuwan haɗari, za a soke ayyukan ranar kuma taga jirgin na gaba zai fara daga karce.
Aikin kaddamar da aikin zai hada da hawan kusan kilomita 150. Tare da tsayin mita 12 da nauyin nauyin kilo 100, Miura wani microlauncher ne mai sake amfani da shi a cikin salon roka na Falcon na kamfanin sararin samaniya na SpaceX na giant Elon Musk.
Kasashe tara ne kawai a duniya ke da ikon kasuwanci na gaske da na gwamnati a sararin samaniya, kuma Spain za ta iya zama kasa ta goma da ta hada karfi da karfe da PLDSpace.
babban manufa
Rikicin Miura 1 ya yi tashinsa na farko daga kushin harba shi a filin harba sojoji na Medano del Loro. PLD ta kammala gwaje-gwaje na farko a wuraren INTA a Cedea del Arenosillo, kuma wata tawaga daga Cibiyar Fasaha da Fasaha ta Jamus (ZARM) ta Jami'ar Bremen ta duba motar don tabbatar da komai. Kamar yadda kamfanin da kansa ya sanar, ya isa El Arenosillo don fara aiki tare a farkon tafiya wanda za ku sami muhimmiyar rawa.
Miura 1 zai gudanar da jirgin farko na rukunin na'urori masu auna firikwensin ZARM da nufin tabbatar da wasu fasahohin da hukumar kimiya ta kirkiro don masana'antar sararin samaniya a cikin yanayin microgravity. Kamar yadda mataimakin shugaban PLD, Pablo Gallego ya bayyana, aikin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙunshi "hada nauyin abokin ciniki tare da sauran nauyin da ya gabata." Thorben Konemann, babban injiniyan ZARM, ya bayyana cewa gwaji na farko zai sanar da shirye-shiryen "gwaji don jirage na gaba." Tare da waɗannan matakan, "za mu shirya sabbin jiragen sama a nan gaba."
PLD Space yana da wani "tagan jirgin sama" daban-daban da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Spain ta bayar. Baya ga amincin yankin, harba wannan makamin ya danganta ne da kasancewar rokar da kanta da kuma yanayin yanayi, tunda ana bukatar iskar kasa kasa da kilomita 20 a cikin sa'a, "iska mai kwantar da hankali a sama kuma ba tare da yiwuwar hadari a kusa ba." Kamfanin ya ce.
roka na biyu
A halin yanzu, ƙungiyar Injiniyan Sararin Samaniya ta PLD tana aiki akan ƙirar ƙarshe na abin hawa na orbital, Miura 5. Manufar ita ce a yi amfani da abin da ta koya zuwa Miura 1, wanda zai iya harba daga Kourou, Guiana na Faransa, a cikin 2024. Roka na biyu Yana da tsayin mita 34,4 kuma yana iya ɗaukar kimanin kilogiram 540 zuwa ƙananan kewayar duniya. PLD Space ta samu sama da Euro miliyan 60 na zuba jari don ci gaba da ayyukanta a fannin sararin samaniya, kuma suna sa ran za su kai ga samun kudin shiga na Euro miliyan 150 a kowace shekara.
Shirye-shiryen harba shi na zuwa ne a daidai lokacin da kasashen Turai suka amince da karin kashi 17 cikin XNUMX na kudaden da ake kashewa a sararin samaniya, kamar yadda suka yi a watan Satumban da ya gabata. don cim ma sauran manyan kasashe kamar Amurka da China.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, Spain kuma tana shiga binciken sararin samaniya tare da fasahar juyin juya hali. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da Miura 1 da fasali.