Glaciers sune matattarar ruwan kankara wacce ke samarwa cikin shekaru dubbai. Ci gaba da dusar ƙanƙara da ci gaba da yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri 0 yana sa dusar ƙanƙara ta taru wuri ɗaya, ta haifar da ita ta zama kankara. Glaciers sune mafi girman abubuwa a duniyar mu kuma kodayake kamar sun daidaita, suna motsawa. Zasu iya gudana a hankali sosai kamar koguna kuma su ratsa tsakanin tsaunuka da ke haifar da ƙoshin wuta da kwanciyar hankali. Hakanan zasu iya ƙirƙirar duwatsu da tabkuna.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da kankara, asalinsu da halayensu.
Menene glacier
Kankara yana dauke da ragowar na karshe Ice Age. A wannan lokacin, yanayin ƙarancin yanayin ya tilasta kankara matsawa zuwa ƙasan latitude inda yanayin yanzu ya fi dumi. A halin yanzu, zamu iya samun nau'ikan kankara daban-daban a cikin duwatsun duk nahiyoyi ban da Ostiraliya da wasu tsibirai na teku. Tsakanin sararin samaniya 35 ° arewa da 35 ° kudu na kankara kawai za'a iya gani a ciki duwatsun Rocky, a cikin Andes, a cikin Himalayas, a New Guinea, Mexico, Gabashin Afirka da kuma kan Dutsen Zard Kuh (Iran).
Su ne adadin farfajiyar da glaciers suka mamaye kusan hakan ya zama 10% na dukkan fuskar duniya. Yawancin lokaci suna bayyana a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka saboda yanayin mahalli suna dacewa da shi. Wato, akwai ƙananan yanayin zafi da ruwan sama mai yawa. Mun sani cewa akwai wani nau'in hazo da aka sani da sunan hazo dutsen, wanda yake faruwa yayin da iska ta tashi sama ta kuma ƙare da takurawa sai kuma ruwan sama ya sauka a saman tsaunukan. Idan yanayin zafi yana ƙasa da digiri 0 ci gaba, waɗannan hawan za su kasance a cikin yanayin dusar ƙanƙara kuma za su ƙare ajiya har sai sun samar da kankara.
An sanya wa kankarar da ke bayyana a babban tsauni da yankuna na pola sunaye daban-daban. Wadanda ke bayyana a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka ana kiran su mai ƙyalƙyali yayin da glaciers a sandunan an san su da kankara. A lokacin yanayi mai dumi, wasu suna sakin ruwan narkewa saboda narkewar sa, yana haifar da mahimman ruwa na dabbobi da dabbobi. Bugu da kari, yana da matukar amfani ga mutane tunda ana amfani da wannan ruwan don wadatar dan adam. Ita ce matattarar ruwa mafi girma a doron ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi kashi uku cikin huɗu.
Horo
Za mu ga menene manyan matakan da ke faruwa don ƙirƙirar kankara. Ya ƙunshi dindindin na dusar ƙanƙara a cikin yanki ɗaya a cikin shekara. Idan yankin yana da yanayin yanayin zafi koyaushe ana adana dusar ƙanƙara har sai an sami kankara. A cikin sararin samaniya, dukkanin kwayoyin tururin ruwa suna mannewa da kananan kwayoyin kura kuma suna yin tsarin kristal. A lokacin ne sauran kwayoyin tururin ruwa suke manne da lu'ulu'u da aka kirkira kuma halayyar dusar ƙanƙara da muka saba gani tana samuwa.
Snowflakes suna faɗuwa a cikin mafi girman ɓangaren tsaunuka kuma ana adana su bayan lokaci bayan ci gaba da dusar ƙanƙara. Lokacin da aka tara isasshen dusar ƙanƙara, tsarin kankara zai fara zama. Kowace shekara nauyin sabbin matakan dusar ƙanƙara da ke tarawa yana daidaita tsarin kankara sosai kuma yana sa dusar ƙanƙan ta sake yin ƙara tun da iska tsakanin lu'ulu'u yana raguwa. Kowane lokaci lu'ulu'u suna girma kuma dusar ƙanƙarar da take cike da ƙaruwa tana ƙaruwa. Wasu maki suna mika wuya ga matsin kankara kuma sun fara zamewa ƙasa kuma sun samar da wani irin kogi wanda a karshen kowane irin taimako na U.
Hanyar kankarar a cikin tsarin halittu yana haifar da taimako wanda aka sani da sassaucin ruwan sanyi. Hakanan an san shi azaman samfurin glacier. Ice ya fara kaiwa layin ma'auni a wacce sama da layin zaka samu galaba fiye da yadda kayi asara amma a kasa kayi asara fiye da yadda kayi nasara. Wannan tsari yakan dauki fiye da shekaru 100 kafin a aiwatar dashi.
Sassan kankara
Gilashi an yi shi da sassa daban-daban.
- Yankin tarawa. Shine yanki mafi girma inda dusar ƙanƙara take sauka kuma ta taru.
- Yankin zubar da ciki. A wannan yankin hanyoyin fushin da danshi suna gudana. A nan ne dusar kankara ta kai daidaito tsakanin ƙaruwa da asarar taro.
- Tsaguwa. Su ne wuraren da kankara ke gudana da sauri.
- Moraines. Waɗannan waƙoƙin duhu ne waɗanda aka kafa ta abubuwan ɗorawa waɗanda ke samarwa a gefuna da saman. Ana adana duwatsun da gilashin ya ja a cikin waɗannan wuraren.
- Tasha. Yana da ƙarshen ƙarshen kankara inda tarin dusar ƙanƙara ya narke.
Nau'ikan kankara wadanda suke wanzu
Ana iya rarraba kankara ta hanyoyi da yawa, kodayake ya dogara da samfurinta da samuwarta. Bari mu ga menene nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke wanzu:
- Gilashi mai tsayi: Hakanan an san shi da sunan dusar ƙanƙara kuma sune waɗanda ake samarwa a cikin tsaunuka masu tsayi ta wurin tarawar dusar ƙanƙara.
- Gilashi circus: shi kwari ne mai kamar wata-wata inda ruwa ke taruwa kadan-kadan.
- Tekun Glacial: Su wuraren ajiyar ruwa ne wadanda suka samo asali a cikin ɓacin rai na kwari kuma akwai lokutan da suke daskarewa wasu kuma idan ba su ba.
- Kwarin glacier: wannan sakamakon aikin lahani na harshen glacial. Yawancin lokaci yana da kwari mai siffa ta U kuma yana haifar da tsaunukan tsaunuka.
- Inlandis: su manyan kankara ne waɗanda suka mamaye dukkan yankin kuma suka ƙare da tafiya cikin lamuransu zuwa teku.
- Drumlins: Undsan tuddai ne waɗanda aka ƙirƙira su ta hanyar abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa wanda dusar kankara ta jawo tare da motsin ta.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da kankara da halayenta.