Canjin yanayi yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke daidaita rayuwar duniya, gami da bambancin kwayoyin halitta. Mun sani sarai cewa yanayin duniya yana ƙaruwa saboda ƙaruwar hayakin iska daga masana'antu da sufuri a duk duniya.
Increaseara yawan zafin duniya yana da wasu haɗari a cikin masu canjin yanayin waɗanda ke daidaita yanayin halittu daban-daban na wannan duniyar tamu. Sauye-sauye kamar su zafin jiki, da ruwan acid ɗin tabkuna, ƙarancin ruwa mai kyau da kuma rarrabuwar wuraren zama sune suna rage yawan halittu.
Ta yaya bambancin kwayoyin ke shafar daidaitawa da canjin yanayi
A cikin yanayin halittu da na yanayin halittu, dukkanin hanyoyin da suke sanya abubuwa suyi aiki da kyau sune nasaba. A takaice dai, duk abin da ke sanya halittu ke aiki kamar yadda muka sansu a yau sune sarƙoƙi da alaƙa tsakanin halittu masu rai da marasa rai.
Don samun damar daidaitawa da lahani da mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi, ana buƙatar babban bambancin kwayar halitta wanda ke ba da izini haifar da maye gurbi a cikin DNA don jurewa da tsira da canje-canje a cikin mahalli. Yayinda yawan wasu jinsunan dabbobi da tsirrai ke raguwa, sai suka zama masu saurin fuskantar yanayin muhalli. Misali, jinsunan shuke-shuke da ke bukatar yanayin zafi kadan sukan canza zangon su a tsawan tsauni yayin da yanayin zafi ke tashi a kananan wurare saboda canjin yanayi.
Sabili da haka, duka dabbobin da nau'ikan tsire-tsire sun fi juriya kuma suna da sauƙin daidaitawa da canjin yanayi kamar yawancin jama'a da bambancin kwayoyin halitta suna da.
Me game da marmot a cikin Pyrenees?
A cikin Spain, a cikin Pyrenees, al'ummomin marmot masu rai daga tsaunukan Faransa. Wadannan an sake dawo dasu tsakanin 1948 da 1988 saboda sun bace daga Pyrenees sama da shekaru 15.000.
Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna haka bambancin halittar wadannan marmot din kadan neSabili da haka, bisa ga abin da na faɗa a baya, zai sami matsaloli masu yawa kuma zai zama nau'in jin daɗi sosai kafin tasirin sauyin yanayi. Tuni Spain ƙasa ce wacce, saboda yanayin yanayinta, tattalin arziƙin ta da kuma yanayin ƙasa, tana da matukar rauni ga canjin yanayi.
Girman marmot mai tsayi
Masu binciken ne suka gudanar da binciken daga Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya da Aikace-aikacen Gandun daji (CREAF-UAB) da Laboratoire de Biométrie de Biologie Evolutive (LBBE) a Lyon (Faransa). A kan wannan ne suka binciko jigidar halittar DNA ta marmot ta gashinsu.
Lokacin da aka sake yin amfani da wannan nau'in a cikin Pyrenees, an sake dawo da kwatancen 400 wadanda suka fito daga tsaunukan Faransa. Duk da rashin tsari da bibiya (tunda wasun su basu san takamaiman inda suka fito ba), sake dawo da itacen marmot mai tsayi a cikin Pyrenees wata nasara ce saboda ta hanzarta kafawa da mulkin mallaka kusan dukkanin fuskar kudu ta wannan tsaunin.
Asali da sakamakon rashin bambancin kwayar halitta
Yawan mutanen da aka sake dawo da su ba su da bambancin jinsin halittu kaɗan. Wannan wani bangare ne mai matukar mahimmanci domin dacewa da canjin yanayi da kuma sabbin al'amuran da yake kawowa. Yawancin lokaci, fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na sake gabatarwar sun kasa saboda karancin karatuttukan da suka gabata, rashin cikakken bin mai zuwa ko kuma rashin bambancin kwayar halitta.
Gaskiyar cewa jinsin yana da dumbin halittu masu mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci a gaba daya ga cigaban al'ummomi da jinsin kanta, amma yana da mahimmanci yayin da yawan jama'a suka yi kadan.
Amma me yasa bambancin jinsin su yayi kasa? Da kyau, kamar yawan mutanen Pyrenees basu musanya kayan kwayar halitta ba, kowane gari a cikin Pyrenees yana kama da ainihin garin a cikin tsaunukan Alps.
Abinda kawai ya rage shine ko lokaci zai iya taimaka wa kwandon dajin ya saba da canjin yanayi ko kuma zai iya zama wata rashin sake fitarwa. Sauran fatan mu shine ragewa da dakatar da tasirin canjin yanayi ta yadda mahaifa da sauran nau'ikan barazanar da ke da damar samun damar dacewa da sabbin al'amuran da canjin yanayi zai haifar.