Yawanci, akwai kusan tsaunukan tsaunuka 20 da ke fashewa a kowace rana a kowane lokaci a duniya. Wannan yana nufin cewa sabon zaɓen ba abubuwa ne na ban mamaki ba kamar yadda muke gani. Kamar yadda yake tare da hadari, fiye da walƙiya 1000 suna faɗuwa a ƙarshen rana. The mafi girma volcanoes a duniya Su ne wadanda fashewarsu da girmansu suka fi girma.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu mai da hankali kan gaya muku menene halayen manyan duwatsu masu aman wuta a duniya.
Manyan tsaunuka mafi girma a duniya
A cewar shirin Smithsonian Global Volcanology Program, akwai kusan aman wuta 1356 a duk duniya, wanda ke nufin cewa tsaunukan da ke aiki su ne waɗanda ke tasowa a halin yanzu, suna nuna alamun aiki (kamar girgizar ƙasa ko hayaƙin iskar gas) ko kuma sun sami fashewar aman wuta, wato a cikin shekaru 10.000 da suka wuce.
Akwai nau'ikan tsaunuka iri-iri, sama ko žasa fashewar fashewar, wanda ikon lalata ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa. Akwai dutsen mai aman wuta a kasa, akwai ramuka da dama, na ruwa, kuma tsarin kasa ya bambanta sosai, amma mene ne dutsen mai aman wuta mafi girma a duniya?
Nevados Ojos del Salado Volcano
Nevados Ojos del Salado da ke kan iyakar Chile da Argentina, shi ne dutsen dutse mafi girma a duniya, amma ya tashi sama da mita 2.000 kawai. Ya tashi zuwa mita 6.879 tare da Andes.
Ayyukansa na ƙarshe da aka yi rikodin shi ne a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 1993, lokacin da aka ga ginshiƙin launin toka mai tsaka-tsaki na tururin ruwa da iskar gas na solphataric na sa'o'i uku. A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, masu lura da harkokin noma na dabbobi da ofishin 'yan sanda na yankin Maricunga, mai tazarar kilomita 30 daga dutsen mai aman wuta, sun ga irin wannan ginshiƙai amma ba su da ƙarfi.
Mauna Loa Volcano
Babban taron dutsen mai aman wuta Mauna Loa yana da nisan mita 2.700 da Ojos del Salado a Nevada., amma ya kusan sau 10 fiye da Andes saboda yana hawa kusan kilomita 9 a saman tekun. Ta wannan hanyar, mutane da yawa suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin dutsen mai aman wuta mafi girma a duniya. Dutsen Mokuaweo ya yanke kolinsa, mafi tsufa kuma mafi girma mai girman kilomita 6 x 8.
Ba kawai dutsen mai aman wuta ba ne da aka yi la'akari da shi babba amma kuma yana da tsayi. Ko da yake akwai wasu tsaunukan tsaunuka waɗanda su ma suna cikin wannan hanyar sadarwa ta dutsen mai aman wuta da ke kewaye da tsibiran Hawai, wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma. Sama da matakin teku yana da tsayin kusan mita 4170. Wadannan girma tare da saman da nisa yi jimillar girma na kimanin kilomita 80.000 cubic. Don haka, shi ne dutsen dutse mafi girma a duniya ta fuskar faɗi da girma.
Ya shahara da kasancewa irin dutsen mai aman wuta wanda ke da halaye na musamman. Tana da ƙorafi masu tsayi masu tsayi waɗanda ke fitowa daga tsattsauran tsaunuka. Dutsen mai aman wuta ne wanda ake ganin yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan aiki a Duniya. Tun da aka samu ta, tana da kusan ci gaba da fashewar aman wuta, ko da yake ba ta da ƙarfi sosai. Ainihin an yi shi da tsayi kuma yana da tushen wannan aiki da kusancinsa a cikin yawan mutane. Wannan yana nufin cewa an haɗa shi a cikin aikin Volcanoes na shekaru goma, wanda ya sa ya zama batun ci gaba da bincike. Godiya ga waɗannan binciken, akwai bayanai da yawa game da shi.
Etna
Dutsen Etna, dake cikin Catania, birni na biyu mafi girma a Sicily, Italiya, shine dutsen mai aman wuta mafi girma a nahiyar Turai. Tsayinsa yana da kusan mita 3.357, kuma bisa ga Cibiyar Nazarin Geophysics da Volcanology ta Italiya (INGV), Fashewar fashewar da aka yi a baya-bayan nan ta kai kololuwar mita 33 cikin kankanin lokaci.
Bayan dakatarwar na kwanaki 20, Dutsen Etna ya sake fashewa a ranar Talata, 21 ga Satumba. Ana gudanar da dutsen mai aman wuta ne ta Shirin Duniya na Dutsen Dutsen Smithsonian, daya daga cikin fitattun tsaunuka a duniya, wanda aka sani da yawan aman wutar da yake yi, da yawan fashewar abubuwa, da kuma yawan lafazin da ya saba fitarwa.
A tsayin sama da mita 3.300. Shi ne dutsen mai aman wuta mafi girma kuma mafi fadi a nahiyar Turai, dutse mafi tsayi a cikin tekun Bahar Rum da dutse mafi tsayi a Italiya a kudancin Alps. Yana kallon Tekun Ionia zuwa gabas, Kogin Simito a yamma da kudu, da kogin Alcantara a arewa.
Dutsen mai aman wuta yana da fadin kasa kimani kilomita murabba'i 1.600, yana da diamita na kimanin kilomita 35 daga arewa zuwa kudu, fadin kimani kilomita 200, da girman kimani kilomita murabba'i 500.
Daga matakin teku zuwa saman dutsen, yanayin yanayi da sauye-sauyen wurin zama suna da ban mamaki, tare da kyawawan abubuwan al'ajabi na halitta. Duk wannan ya sa wannan wuri ya zama na musamman ga masu tafiya, masu daukar hoto, masanan halitta, masu nazarin volcano, 'yanci na ruhaniya da masu son yanayi na duniya da aljanna. Gabashin Sicily yana baje kolin shimfidar wurare iri-iri, amma daga mahangar yanayin ƙasa, yana ba da bambance-bambancen ban mamaki.
Mafi girman tsaunuka a duniya: supervolcanoes
Dutsen mai aman wuta wani nau'in dutsen mai aman wuta ne wanda dakin magma ya fi girma sau dubu fiye da dutsen mai aman wuta na al'ada don haka zai iya haifar da fashewar mafi girma da barna a doron kasa.
Ba kamar dutsen tsaunuka na gargajiya ba, a fili suke ba tsaunuka ba ne, amma wuraren ajiyar magma na karkashin kasa ne, tare da wani katon bakin ciki mai kama da dutse da ake iya gani a saman.
An sami wasu tsaunukan tsaunuka guda hamsin a tarihin wannan duniyar tamu, wanda ya shafi manyan yankunan ƙasa. Irin haka ya kasance game da Dutsen Tuba, wanda ya barke a Sumatra shekaru 74.000 da suka shige. mai fadin kilomita 2.800 na lava. Koyaya, wannan ba shine na ƙarshe ba, kamar yadda na baya-bayan nan ya faru a New Zealand kusan shekaru 26,000 da suka gabata.
Wataƙila ɗaya daga cikin mafi sanannun shine Yellowstone supervolcano, a Amurka, wanda aka kafa caldera shekaru 640.000 da suka wuce ya haifar da. ginshiƙan toka har tsayin mita 30.000 wanda ya rufe mashigin tekun Mexico da ƙura.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da manyan tuddai masu aman wuta a duniya da halayensu.