A cikin Nuwamba 1904, mafi girma dusar ƙanƙara da aka rubuta a cikin rikodin yanayi ya faru a cikin birnin Madrid, duka tsawon lokaci (daga Nuwamba 27, 1904) da kuma a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Fiye da shekaru biyu bayan haka, a cikin watan Fabrairun 1907, wani dusar ƙanƙara mai ƙarfi ta sake afkawa babban birnin Spain, inda ta bar irin wannan alamar kuma ta haifar da matsaloli masu yawa, ko da yake a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1904 an sami karuwar dusar ƙanƙara. Babban snowfall na Madrid a 1904 ya bar alamarta kuma, har yau, Filomena ba ta wuce shi ba.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da babban dusar ƙanƙara na Madrid na 1904.
Babban dusar ƙanƙara a Madrid a 1904
Wannan shine yadda Inocencio Font Tullot yayi sharhi a cikin littafinsa «Historia del clima de España» (INM, 1988): «A Madrid, daga 27 zuwa 30 ga Nuwamba, 1904, dusar ƙanƙara ta yi ƙanƙara sosai, tare da dusar ƙanƙara mai kauri har zuwa mita a cikin ƙasa. wuraren shakatawa, wuraren shakatawa da kuma kan hanyoyin tafiya."
Dusar ƙanƙarar da ba a saba gani ba babu shakka. Baya ga samun bayanan da suka dace, Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Tsakiya (ICM) [yanzu AEMET], wacce a lokacin tana cikin ginin tsohuwar hasumiya ta photoelectric ("El Castillo") a Parque del Retiro, ta kuma tabbatar da cewa ayyukanta na yau da kullun. ya faru ne saboda tsananin dusar ƙanƙara. Rugujewar layukan telegraph da yawa a babban birnin kasar ya hana yawancin bayanan da ake karba a wurin a kowace rana isa zuwa kan lokaci.
A cikin Daily Meteorological Bulletin daga Nuwamba 27 zuwa 30, 1904, Augusto Arcimís, Daraktan ICM, ya rubuta a cikin rubutun hannunsa a cikin sararin samaniya da aka keɓe don "mai yiwuwa yanayi" (hasashen): Sanarwa da ya kamata a bayar". Bugu da ƙari, a cikin rubutun yau da kullum da ke kwatanta yanayin (yanayi), Arcimís ya nuna matsalolin da dusar ƙanƙara. ya kawo nasa aikin kuma ya kasa watsa tallan akan lokaci kamar yadda ake bukata. Guguwar ta isa gabar tekun Cadiz, inda ta harba iska mai danshi, sannan ta ci karo da sanyin polar da ya fado a gabar tekun jiya.
yaya dusar ƙanƙara ta kasance
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, dusar ƙanƙara ta fara kuma ta ci gaba a ranar 27th (tare da wasu katsewa wanda aka yi ruwan sama) har zuwa 30th. Kasancewar guguwar Atlantic mai zurfi da ta taso daga Madeira ta kusanto Gulf of Cádiz kuma daga baya ta haye tashar Turanci da Alberland. yanki shi ne ya haifar da yanayi mai kyau yayin da dusar ƙanƙara ta yi kamari a Madrid da sauran yankuna da dama na cikin gida. Ya tarar da iska mai sanyi daga sandunan da suka zauna a gabar tekun Iberian kwanaki kafin dusar ƙanƙara, kamar yadda suka ce halin da ake ciki na littafin karatu ne, a babban birnin ƙasar ya kwashe sa’o’i 32 dusar ƙanƙara ce, da kaurin dusar ƙanƙara daga santimita 70 zuwa 150. dangane da yankin, gaba daya ya gurgunta birnin.
jaridu da labarai
Litattafan tarihin da aka buga a jaridu na lokacin sun tabbatar da girma da kuma kasancewar dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin maraice edition na El Grafico, a ranar Laraba, Nuwamba 30, 1904, an karanta kamar haka: «Tashi da ruwan sama, da 10 da safe ruwan sama ya juya zuwa dusar ƙanƙara. Ƙarin lalacewa ga layukan telegraph da igiyoyin tram. Duk sanduna daga Porto Toledo zuwa Calabanchel Alto sun fadi. Ana ci gaba da katse zirga-zirgar zirga-zirga a wurare da yawa.
Ɗaya daga cikin cikakkun rahotanni game da dusar ƙanƙara ya bayyana a cikin jaridar "El Imparcial" a ranar Alhamis, 1 ga Disamba, 1904. Mun rubuta a ƙasa da sakin layi na farko na tarihin, tun da yake daidai ya kwatanta manyan matsalolin da dusar ƙanƙara ta haifar a babban birnin Spain.
"Babu dusar ƙanƙara a Madrid da za a tuna da yawa ko kuma idan dai wanda muke fuskanta a yanzu. Sakamakon haka, rayuwa a Madrid ta katse. Babu jiragen kasa, trams ko motoci; tituna da hanyoyi suna cike da dusar ƙanƙara mai kauri rabin mita kuma tafiya yana da haɗari da sannu a hankali. Ana yin wadatar da kasuwanni cikin wahala, kuma titin jirgin kasa ko motocin da ke kawo kayayyaki daga garuruwan da ke kusa ba za su iya ba da hidimar tuki ba. An dakatar da dukkan ayyukan da ake gudanarwa a sararin sama kuma dubban ma'aikata ba su da aikin yi.
Bayyanar yawan jama'a abin bakin ciki ne kuma kufai. Hanyoyi sun kusa zama kadaici, shaguna da yawa a rufe, wuraren shaye-shaye ba cunkoso ba ne, an dakatar da wasannin wasan kwaikwayo jiya, an katse wayar tarho, akasarin mazauna garin sun kulle a gidajensu... Madrid ta fara watan karshe na wannan shekara kamar yadda wani gari da ya mutu kuma aka binne a ƙarƙashin manyan tarkacen marmara.
Gravure da aka buga ya kasance yana ƙuruciya a lokacin, don haka ba a sami hotuna da yawa na dusar ƙanƙara ba ko mutanen da ke yin adadi. Babu hotunan Sarki Alfonso na XIII a wancan zamani, amma kwanaki kadan bayan haka, a ranar 8 ga Disamba. Hotonsa a cikin sabuwar motarsa ya bayyana, wanda mujallar New World ta buga.
Ita ma mujallar ita ma ta wallafa hotunan dusar kankara a sassa daban-daban na birnin a wannan rana, ciki har da wani mutum-mutumin dusar kankara da mutane suka yi a baya a tsakiyar shafin. A wannan yanayin, ita ce mace mai daraja.
Bayan ya nuna cewa an shafe sa'o'i 32 ana yin dusar kankara ba tare da tsayawa ba, da kuma cewa farin Layer ya kai fiye da mita a wurare kamar Plaza Colón, Mundo Nuevo ya ba da labarin wasu barnar da dusar ƙanƙara ta yi, kamar yadda aka bude ramuka a gefen wasu tituna da kuma Littattafai na kasa Abin da ya faru da rumfar, matakalar ta zama tulin ƙanƙara.
Nevada na Madrid a 1904 da sauyin yanayi
A halin da ake ciki yanzu na dumamar yanayi, abu ne mai wahala, idan ba zai yiwu ba, Madrid ta sake fuskantar irin wannan babban dusar kankara. Ko da yake yanayin sama a yanayin zafi abu ne da ba za a iya jayayya ba, kuma duk abin da ke nuna cewa zai ci gaba har zuwa ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, ba za a iya kawar da yiwuwar yanayin yanayi mai kama da wanda ya faru a ƙarshen Nuwamba 1904 ba a kowane lokaci. A wancan lokacin, yuwuwar saukar dusar ƙanƙara a Madrid ta fi yadda ake yi a yanzu, amma idan aka yi la’akari da yanayin yanayin yanayi na kwanan nan a cikin latitudes, muna iya fuskantar wani abu makamancin haka.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da babban dusar ƙanƙara a Madrid a 1904.