La Zamanin Cenozoic farawa da Lokacin Paleogene y rarrabuwa ne game da yanayin yanayin ƙasa. Ta haka ne aka fara wannan lokacin wanda yakai shekaru miliyan 66 da suka gabata kuma ya ƙare kimanin shekaru miliyan 23 da suka gabata. Juyin halittar dabbobi na zamani ya kasance abin birgewa duk da cewa lallai sun samu daga kananan halittu. Waɗannan nau'ikan ba su da girma idan muka kwatanta su da dinosaur ɗin da ke cikin lokacin aiki.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk halaye, ilimin ƙasa, yanayi, fure da fauna na zamanin Paleogene.
Babban fasali
Sunan Paleogene ya fito ne daga mafi kyawun sifofin rayuwar kwanan nan. Idan muka koma ga rayuwar kwanan nan, muna ƙarfafa duk abin da ke wanzu tun zamanin Cenozoic. A farkon Paleogene akwai lalatawa da yake magana matakin ilimin ƙasa bayan ƙarshen dinosaur a ƙarshen Cretaceous.
A wannan lokacin an raba Arewacin Amurka da Greenland daga nahiyar Eurasia. Godiya ga wannan, an halicci Tekun Norway. Wannan tekun ya wanzu kusan shekaru miliyan 60. A wancan lokacin sauran tekuna sun yi hanyarsu, kamar su Tekun Indiya da Tekun Atlantika. Godiya ga wannan, ya sami damar faɗaɗa ta yadda nau'in fure da fauna na iya haɓaka daban-daban. Wannan saboda kowane jinsi an daidaita shi da tsarin halittar shi daban.
Saboda wadannan yanayi daban-daban na muhalli, jinsunan suna haifar da sauye-sauye da dama don su iya rayuwa a cikin muhallin.
Nazarin Paleogene
Idan ba mu koma ga Ostiraliya da Indiya ba, za mu iya ganin cewa suna tafiya ne ta hanyar arewa maso gabas saboda motsawar nahiyar. Kimanin saurin motsi na wadannan nahiyoyin yakai kimanin santimita 6 a shekara. Kamar yadda aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar binciken ilimin ƙasa na kwanan nan, ƙwanƙwasa saurin nahiyar ya ragu sosai da lokaci.
Wannan ƙaura a cikin yankin arewa maso gabas ya haifar ko rabuwar Antarctica wanda ya rage kusa da ƙofar kudu daga asalin Pangea. Kimanin shekaru miliyan 40 daga baya, Indiya ta kusan kusan rabuwa da Afirka kuma za ta yi karo da Asiya don haɗuwa da ƙirƙirar Himalaya. Arangama da samuwar Himalayas shine dalilin rufe babban tekun Tethys. Wannan ya faru kusan shekaru miliyan 52 da suka gabata.
Canje-canje a cikin yanayin
Duk tsawon lokacin Paleogene akwai canje-canje masu saurin yanayi kamar sanyaya a yankunan polar. A waccan lokacin, samuwar gawayi da tsarin kasa kamar su Alps da tsaunukan tsaunukan Andean da ke Kudancin Amurka suma sun fara.
Wannan sanyaya bai ga duniyarmu ba bayan halakar da Triassic. Godiya ga raguwar yanayin duniya, an ba da izinin sanyaya na ɗan lokaci na dukan duniya. Koyaya, Yayin da zamanin Paleogene ke cigaba, zazzabin duniya ya sake karuwa. Saboda wannan karuwar yanayin zafi, kasa ta fara zama wuri mai zafi a wurare da yawa. A cikin wadannan yankuna yanayin ya sha bamban da sauran.
Kwayoyin sun daidaita da yanayin. Sun sami damar kasancewa duk da halakar da ta faru a cikin zamanin da ta gabata. Ofayan waɗannan taxa sun kasance masu ba da haske.
Flora da fauna
Dabbobi masu shayarwa da aka samo a wancan lokacin ana ajiye su da fasali kwatankwacin abin da ake samu a yau. Daga cikinsu, doki, biri, wasu bambancin tsirrai da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa sun fita daban. Bayan ƙarewa a ƙarshen Cretaceous, yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa sun bunƙasa. Wadannan dabbobin sun sami nasarar yaduwa, suka zama jinsin halittu daban a duniya.
Daya daga cikin mahimmancin jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa shine halittar birrai da ke canzawa zuwa lokaci zuwa Homo sapiens.
Matakan Paleogene
An rarraba lokacin Paleogene zuwa lokaci 3 tare da halaye daban-daban na ilimin ƙasa, flora da fauna, da yanayi daban-daban. Wadannan matakai guda uku sune kamar haka: Paleocene, Eocene y Oligocene.
Paleocene
Shin na farko mataki tare da shekaru miliyan 65 kuma ya kasance har zuwa shekaru miliyan 56. A wannan lokacin, jimlar ƙawancen yankin Pangea ya faru. Duk faranti masu rarrabuwar kawuna sun rabu daga ƙarshe daga Antarctica tare da Ostiraliya. Communitiesananan al'ummomin dabbobi masu shayarwa sun kasance halaye ne masu ciyawar dabbobi da ƙwari. Anan zamu sami beraye, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda zasu rayu a wannan lokacin.
Eocene
Wannan matakin ya kasance daga shekaru miliyan 56 zuwa shekaru miliyan 34. A nan duk gefen yamma akwai hauhawar manyan tsaunuka ta hanyar karo da faranti na tectonic. Yanayin yayi zafi da danshi a wannan lokacin. Bambanci a yanayin zafi shine yayi alama da equator, meridian da sandunan. Amma fauna, dabbobin gargajiya irin su marsupials da lemurs sun bayyana.
Oligocene
Wannan matakin ya kasance daga shekaru miliyan 34 zuwa shekaru miliyan 23. A wannan lokacin ilimin geology ya maida hankali akan rufe ratar a ƙarshen gabashin Tekun Tethys. Duk wannan ya faru ne yayin da Ostiraliya ta yi karo da Indonesiya kuma farantin Arewacin Amurka ta fara ruɓewa kan Tekun Pacific. Game da yanayin, an kiyaye yanayin zafin duniya a cikin yanayin yanayin ruwa da yanayi mai danshi. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, yanayin ya canza zuwa sanyaya ta duniya tare da isowar zamanin kankara. A bangaren fauna muna samun amincin da suka tafi daukar muhimman matakai a ci gaban su. Dabbobi masu shayarwa. An kafa su ne domin su mamaye dukkan rayuwar duniyar tamu. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman misalai sune raƙuman raƙumi da giwayen farko waɗanda basu da hazo. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sojojinsa sun kasance gajeru sosai.
Kamar yadda kake gani, zamanin Paleogene an loda shi da ci gaban flora da fauna kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai a matakin ilimin ƙasa. A ƙarshen Paleogene, ci gaban birrai ya fara, wanda daga baya zai zama ɗan adam na yanzu. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da zamanin Paleogene.