Aya daga cikin mahimman abubuwa yayin hasashen yanayi shine sanin tsayin dusar da dusar ƙanƙara zata bayyana. Wannan an san shi da lissafin matakin dusar ƙanƙara Bayyanar da ruwa mai ƙarfi yayin ruwan sama ba kawai yana shafar ayyukan tattalin arziƙi da mawuyacin yanayi ba, har ma da kowane irin aiki na yau da kullun.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu koya muku yadda ake lissafin matakin dusar ƙanƙara da mahimmancin ta.
Lissafa matakin dusar ƙanƙara
Lokacin da hazo ya auku a cikin tsari mai ƙarfi, yana shafar yawancin ayyukan ɗan adam. Akwai mahalli mafi rauni kamar hanya ce da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, ayyukan waje da ayyukan hawan dutse. Kusan duk wani aiki na yau da kullun da rayuwa a cikin manyan biranen dusar ƙanƙara zata iya shafar su. Bambanci a matakin dusar ƙanƙara na mita 200 na iya nufin bambanci tsakanin ranar ruwa da gama rushewar gari gaba ɗaya saboda dusar ƙanƙara. Ya kamata ku saba da garuruwan da dusar ƙanƙara ta fi yawa yayin shirya wa wannan lamarin da kuma haɗarin da ke tattare da shi.
Mun sani cewa yawan zafin jiki yana taka muhimmiyar rawa yayin da nau'ikan hazo daban suke faruwa. Yakan fi dacewa da dusar ƙanƙara lokacin da iskar dake da yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri 0 ko kusa. Ka tuna cewa wannan yanayin yanayin yanayin dole ne ya wanzu a saman wurin da muke. Idan muka kalli yanayin zafin jikin iska, zamu sami kusancin da, a yawancin lokuta, bazai wadatar ba. Yana da sauri lokacin da muka gane hakan akwai wasu abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da kuskure yayin kirga matakin dusar kankara kuma matsaloli suna zuwa. Matsalolin da aka samo daga yin hasashen yanayi.
Tsayi da zafin jiki
Tsayi da zafin jiki sune filayen farko waɗanda yawanci ana kiyaye su don lissafin matakin dusar ƙanƙara. Yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan farko da ke ba mu alama game da yadda girman dusar ƙanƙarar zai iya zama. Tsarin digiri 0 shine layin da aka ajiye wannan zafin a daidai tsayi. Wato, tsayin daka daga wanda zafin jikin yake mara kyau a cikin yanayin al'ada. Yawancin lokaci, Sauyin yanayin zafi ba ya faruwa a cikin manyan matakan, amma kuma yana iya faruwa. Dusar ƙanƙara gaba ɗaya tana fara narke ƙasa da wannan matakin. Yana da al'ada cewa farkon dusar ƙanƙara da muka samu yana aan mitoci ɗari ƙasa da isotherm. A waɗannan wurare muna da zazzabi tare da ƙimatattun ƙimomi sama da digiri 0.
Wani ma'aunin da yawanci ana lura dashi shine zafin jiki a matsawar 850 hPa. Labari ne game da darajar matsin lamba wanda yawanci yana kusan mita 1450 na tsawo. Amfanin amfani da wannan tsarin tunani don lura da yawan zafin jiki na iska shine cewa yafi wakiltar yanayin zafin da ke akwai a ƙananan matakan. Wata fa'idar irin wannan tsarin ishara ita ce, an raba ta sosai da kasa don kada bambance-bambancen kewayon kasa, hasken rana da zagayowar dare da rana ba su tsoma baki da yanayin zafi ba. Godiya ga waɗannan sigogin yana yiwuwa a lissafa matakin dusar ƙanƙara da sauƙi.
Zazzabi don lissafin matakin dusar ƙanƙara
Ba tare da wata shakka ba, zafin jiki shine mahimman canjin yanayi don ƙididdige matakin dusar ƙanƙara. Yin nazarin yanayin zafi kawai a matakan mafi ƙanƙanci, ana iya gani idan muka ci gaba da ƙididdigar dusar ƙanƙara daidai. Don wannan zafin jiki a ƙananan matakan, matakin dusar ƙanƙara na iya bambanta. Dalilin wannan bambancin shine saboda ƙimar zafin da muke samu a cikin manyan ɗakuna. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine cewa duk zane-zane da teburin jagora don lissafin matakin dusar ƙanƙara yawanci sun haɗa da yanayin zafi zuwa 500 hPa na matsin yanayi. A cikin irin wannan matsi mun sami kanmu a tsawan kusan mita 5500 sama da matakin teku.
Idan muka sami yanayi mai sanyi a cikin tsaka-tsakin matsakaita da babba, akwai hauhawa da faduwar iska wanda zai iya haifar da saukar zafin jiki. Idan a cikin waɗannan yankuna mun sami ruwan sama akai-akai, za a sami raguwa mai yawa a matakin dusar ƙanƙara. Wannan zuriya ba zato ba tsammani yawanci yana nufin fewan mitoci ɗari ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani. Mafi yawan lokuta mafi yawan lokuta ana samun shine lokacin da iska tana da isasshen sanyi kuma ba ta da ƙarfi a tsawo kuma yana iya haifar da zurfin isa da guguwa. Yana cikin waɗannan mawuyacin yanayin lokacin da matakin dusar ƙanƙara zai iya sauka zuwa fiye da mita 500. A nan yawanci yana tsoma baki tare da shawa kuma zai haifar da tsananin dusar ƙanƙara da ba zato ba tsammani.
Waɗannan al'amuran galibi suna faruwa ne a ƙananan yanayi a lokacin sanyi da kuma wuraren da ba ta yin dusar ƙanƙara akai-akai, amma tana yin dusar ƙanƙara kowace shekara. Matsin lamba na 850 da 500 hPa ba ta wata hanya ce ta ƙima. A cikin wuraren da ke da matsi mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin yanayin ƙasa za mu iya samun dusar ƙanƙara a sama. A gefe guda kuma, ana iya samun su cikin damuwa shine cewa yana da sanyi sosai da zurfi tunda yana faruwa a wasu tallafi na rukunin ƙasashe waɗanda ke da ƙarancin yanayin ƙasa. Anan ne zamu iya samun ƙimar matsa lamba na 850 hPa a cikin mita 1000 kawai na tsayi.
Don dusar ƙanƙara ta wanzu a waɗannan wuraren, dole ne ya kasance akwai yanayin zafin yanayi na digiri 0 tare da wannan matsin lamba na yanayi kuma azaman yanayin ƙasa na mita 1000.
Zafi, wurin raɓa da duwatsu
Wadannan maki 3 dalilai ne da zasu daidaita mu yayin kirga matakin dusar kankara. Danshi yana kwantarwa. A cikin yanayin da ke da tsananin zafi, dusar ƙanƙara mai narkewa cikin sauri kuma mita 200 ne kawai ƙasa da ƙarancin digiri na 0. Sabili da haka, a cikin waɗannan yankunan yawan ruwan sama yawanci ruwan sama ne. Lokacin da wani busasshiyar iska ya bayyana a wani yanki mafi kusa da farfajiyar, dusar ƙanƙara na iya kula da tsarinsu ba tare da daɗewar narkewa ba. Idan danshi ya yi kasa sosai kuma yanayin zafin yake tabbatacce, tabbas fim na ruwa zai fara samuwa a saman dusar kankara. Idan danshi ya yi kasa sosai, ruwan zai fara bayani ne, yana daukar kuzari daga jikin kansa da kuma iskar da ke kewaye da shi.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da ɓangarorin da dole ne a kula dasu don ƙididdige matakin dusar ƙanƙara.