A cikin tarihi, an rubuta tsarin ƙidayar ƙididdiga daban-daban da suka danganci haɓakar manyan wayewa. Mafi shahara su ne: Masarawa, Babila, Romawa, Sinawa, tsarin da a halin yanzu muke sani da decimal ko Indo-Larabci, da kuma tsarin Mayan. Na ƙarshe, wanda wayewar ƙasar Columbian ke amfani da ita, ya ƙunshi tsarin ƙidayar ƙima, wato a tushe ashirin. Bisa ga bayanan tarihi, tsarin yana da ban mamaki saboda ya dogara ne akan jimlar adadin yatsu da yatsun kafa. The lambobi mayan An san su sosai a cikin tarihi da kuma a yau.
Don haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku menene lambobin Mayan, menene halaye, asali da mahimmancinsu.
Mayan wayewa
Kafin mu yi magana game da tsarin adadin Maya, dole ne mu ɗan bayyana su wane ne don fahimtar girman dacewar su a cikin duniyar Amurka da mahimmancin tsarin lambar su.
Mayakan na ɗaya daga cikin manyan al'adu na yankin al'adu da aka sani da Mesoamerica, suna mamaye Mesoamerica daga karni na XNUMX BC zuwa karni na XNUMX AD. Sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin mahimman garuruwa a duk Amurka kuma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin juyin halittar al'adu a ko'ina cikin Amurka da Mesoamerica. Duk da cewa an kiyaye shi tsawon ƙarni da yawa, amma gaskiyar ita ce, ba ta da irin wannan mahimmanci a duk waɗannan lokuta, amma duk da haka, tsarin lissafinsa ya yadu zuwa garuruwa da yawa.
Duk da kasancewarsu tsofaffin mutane, gaskiyar ita ce, Mayakan sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan al'adu masu ci gaba, suna samun ci gaba a fannin kimiyya a gaban yawancin ƙasashen Turai na wannan zamani. ba kawai a tarihin Amurka ba har ma a tarihin ɗan adam.
lambobi mayan
Haɗe da tsarin lambar Maya, mun sami rubutun Maya, tsarin hoto na Maya wanda a ciki an haɗa adadi mai yawa na hotuna tare da wasu alamomi don samar da tsarin rubutu m kuma hadaddun, wanda zai iya zama farkon babban tsarin rubutun Mesoamerican. Don zana daidai da wani abu da aka fi sani, muna iya cewa rubutun Mayan ya yi kama da rubuce-rubucen Masarawa, musamman game da hiroglyphs.
Ta hanyar tsari mai kama da glyphs da aka yi amfani da su a rubuce, mun gano wanzuwar tsarin lamba, wanda kuma yana amfani da adadi mai yawa. Wadannan alamomin suna da alaƙa da rana, wata da shekara, tun da tsarin lambar Mayan bai mayar da hankali ga warware matsalolin lissafi ba, amma akasin yawancin al'ummomin Turai, amfani da tsarin lambar shine auna lokaci. kamar kalandar Mayan. Shi ne mafi muhimmanci kashi na wayewa.
Tsarin lambar Mayan ya kasance mai ban mamaki., alamomin da aka yi amfani da su don wakiltar abubuwa kamar layi, katantanwa, da dige, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin alamomin da ke wakiltar lambobi suna kama da juna. A gefe guda kuma, tsarin yana da matsayi, yana canza darajar lambar dangane da inda alamar ta ke, yana ƙara lamba ta hanyar tsarin da ya dogara da tsayi mai yawa.
Har ila yau, dole ne a la'akari da cewa a cikin wannan darasi muna magana ne game da ainihin tsarin ƙididdiga na Maya, tun da akwai wasu, mafi sauƙi tsarin, wanda. ana amfani da shi a wani bangare na rayuwa kawai, kamar tsarin kasuwancin da ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba ko tsarin sifofin kai da aka yi amfani da su a cikin rubuce-rubucen da lambobi ke wakilta da hotunan kai.
Babban fasali
Don ci gaba da koyo game da tsarin lambobi na Mayan da lambobi na Mayan, muna buƙatar tattauna hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don rubuta waɗannan lambobi, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ganin misalai don fahimtar mahimmancin alamomin.
Tsarin rubutun dijital na Mayan ya dogara ne akan manyan abubuwa guda 3:
- Raka'a Masu Mahimmanci
- Tsari yana wakiltar 5
- An yi amfani da katantanwa don wakiltar 0, lambar da ba a saba gani ba a cikin sauran al'ummar Mesoamerican.
Ta amfani da waɗannan alamomi guda uku, Mayakan sun ƙirƙiri lambobi daga 0 zuwa 20, inda 0 ke katantanwa, sauran lambobin kuma ana ƙirƙira su ta hanyar ƙara dashes da ɗigo., kamar 6, wakilta ta hanyar layi da digo. Babban ra'ayin lambobi ashirin na farko shine a yi amfani da layi da ɗigo don ƙirƙirar kowane lamba.
Tsarin lambobi na Mayan da wayewar Mayan kafin Colombia ke amfani da shi shine tsarin ƙidayar ƙima, wato tushe ashirin. Tushen wannan ƙidayar ƙidayar ita ce fihirisar yatsa da aka samu ta ƙara yatsu da yatsu. A cikin tsarin lambobi na Mayan, zane-zane yana dogara ne akan alamomi. Alamomin da aka yi amfani da su dige ne da sanduna a kwance. kuma, a cikin yanayin sifili, ovals masu kama da seashells.
Jimlar ɗigo biyar suna yin mashaya, don haka idan za mu rubuta lamba takwas a cikin mayan rubutu, za mu yi amfani da dige uku a cikin mashaya. Lambobin 4, 5 da 20 suna da mahimmanci ga Maya saboda sun yi imanin cewa 5 ya zama raka'a (hannu), yayin da lamba 4 ke da alaƙa da jimillar raka'a huɗu na 5, wanda ya zama mutum (yatsu 20). .
wakilcin lambobi na Maya yana ƙarƙashin tsari ko matakin canji, kuma koyaushe yana dogara ne akan 20 da yawa. A cewar tarihi, lissafin Mayans ya fara amfani da alamar sifili don tabbatar da ƙimar da ba ta dace ba. Hakanan ana sanya tsarin lambobi a cikin gidaje masu lamba zuwa tsarin lambobi na Mayan.
Muhimmancin lambobin Mayan
Don lambobi da suka fara daga ashirin, nauyin ƙimar matsayi da aka shigar yana canza lamba bisa tsayin daka na tsaye da lambar ke. Manufar ita ce lambar ta rage a yankin da ke ƙasa, kowace lamba daga 0 zuwa 20, sannan a sanya wata lamba a babban yankin, wanda aka ninka da 20.
Matakan daban-daban suna nuna adadin lokutan da aka ninka lambar farko da ashirin, kuma tsayin mafi girma kuma ya bambanta.
Wasu misalan tsarin lambobi na Mayan sune kamar haka:
- 25: Digon saman yana ninka da ashirin, kuma layin ƙasa yana wakiltar biyar.
- 20: Digo a sama yana ninka da ashirin, kuma katantanwa a ƙasa yana wakiltar sifili.
- 61: Ana ninka manyan dige-dige guda uku da ashirin, wanda shine 60, kuma digon ƙasa yana wakiltar 1.
- 122: Dige biyu a ƙasa suna wakiltar 2, kuma dige da layi a saman suna wakiltar samfurin 20.
- 8000: Maki ɗaya na uku tare da katantanwa, kowane katantanwa yana wakiltar sifili, kuma saboda kasancewar matakan uku, maki uku sau ashirin.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da lambobin raga da mahimmancin su.