Turai tana da dogon hanyar sadarwa ta koguna tare da kwarara mai kyau kuma hakan yana samar da ruwa ga jama'a. Da kogi mafi tsayi a Turai Daga Kogin Volga yake. Yana gudana ta tsakiyar Rasha kuma ya isa kudancin Rasha, yana ɓoye cikin Tekun Caspian. Yankinda yake kamawa yakai 1.360.000 km2. Anyi la'akari da shi a matsayin mafi tsawo a cikin Turai kuma yana da halaye na musamman.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da kogi mafi tsayi a Turai da halayensa.
Babban fasali
Kogin Volga ya samo asali ne daga Dutsen Valdai tsakanin Moscow da Saint Petersburg kuma ya ɓuɓɓugo a cikin Tekun Caspian. Ba shine kawai kogin mafi tsayi a Turai ba, amma har ma shine babban kogi. Tana da tsawon kilomita 3.690 kuma tana da matsakaita na mita 8.000 a sakan daya.
Tafkinsa na ruwa ya mamaye yanki na murabba'in kilomita 1.350.000, yana matsayi na 18 a duniya. Hakanan shi ne kogi mafi girma a Turai dangane da fitarwa da magudanan ruwa. Ana ɗaukar shi ko'ina a matsayin kogin ƙasar Rasha. Tsohuwar ƙasar Rasha, khanate ta Rasha, ta tashi kusa da Kogin Volga.
A tarihi, yana da mahimmin haɗuwa na wayewar Eurasia. Wannan kogin yana gudana ta cikin dazuzzuka, dazukan daji da filayen ciyayi a cikin Rasha. Hudu daga cikin manyan birane goma a Rasha, gami da babban birnin ƙasar Moscow, suna cikin Kogin Volga. Wasu daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar ruwa a duniya suna kusa da Kogin Volga.
Yana daga cikin kogin da aka rufe na Tekun Caspian kuma shine kogi mafi tsayi wanda yake guduwa a cikin rufin da aka rufe. Kogin Volga ya tashi daga tsaunukan Valdai a tsawan mita 225 arewa maso yamma na Moscow da kusan kilomita 320 kudu maso gabashin Saint Petersburg, kuma ya kwarara zuwa gabas ta tafkin Strzh, Tver, Dubna, Rybinsk da Yaroslav Russia, Nizhny Novgorod da Kazan. Daga can ya juya kudu, ya wuce wasu morean biranen sannan kuma ya cika zuwa Tekun Caspian da ke ƙasa Astrakhan. Mita 28 a ƙasa da matakin teku.
A mafi girman dabarun sa, ya lanƙwasa zuwa Don. A cikin sama na kogin Volga kusa da Staritsa, kogin Volga a cikin 1912 yana da ragi mai yawa, mafi mahimmanci daga cikinsu shi ne Kogin Kama, da Kogin Oka, da Kogin Vetluga, da kuma Kogin Sura. Volga da raƙuman ruwa sun samar da tsarin Kogin Volga, wanda ke ratsawa ta kusan yanki mai murabba'in kilomita 1.350.000 a yankin da ya fi yawan jama'a a Rasha.
Bakin babban kogi a Turai
Ka tuna cewa mafi ƙarancin kogi a Turai dole ne ya sami babbar baki. Bakinta a ciki yana da tsayin kusan kilomita 160 kuma ya haɗa har da tashoshi 500 da ƙananan rafuka. Mafi girman bakin kogi a Turai shine kadai wuri a cikin Rasha inda zaku iya samun dabbobi irin su flamingos, pelicans da lotus. Saboda tsananin sanyi a wannan yanki na Rasha, galibi ana daskarar da shi don yawancin tsawon kogin duka tsawon watanni 3 na shekara. Watannin hunturu mafi tsaunin kogi a Turai gaba daya yayi sanyi.
Kogin Volga ya kwashe mafi yawan yammacin Rasha. Yawancin manyan maɓuɓɓugansa suna ba da ruwa da wutar lantarki. Ana amfani da tsawon wannan kogin don haɓaka ƙarni na ƙarfin sabuntawa idan aka ba tsalle-tsalle mai tsalle wanda za a iya gina shi tare da kogin mafi tsayi a Turai. Kogin Mosko, da Volga-Don Canal, da kuma Volga-Baltic waterway sun samar da babbar hanyar ruwa da ke haɗa Mosko da White Sea, da Baltic Sea, da Caspian Sea, da Tekun Azov, da kuma Black Sea.
Tasirin muhalli na kogin mafi tsayi a cikin Turai
Babban matakin gurɓatar sinadarai ya shafi Kogin Volga da mazauninsa mara kyau. Aikin flora da fauna ya shafi aikin ɗan adam a cikin duk hanyar. Tare da ci gaban fasaha da zamanin masana'antu, akwai fitarwa da yawa waɗanda ke ƙare da gurɓatar da ruwa da haifar da yanayin halittu da mazaunan yawancin nau'ikan flora da fauna da za a sami mummunan tasiri.
Kwarin kogin yana da babban darajar haihuwa kuma yana samar da alkama da yawa. Hakanan ya ƙunshi albarkatun ma'adinai masu yawa. Babban masana'antar mai tana mai da hankali ne a cikin kwarin Kogin Volga. Sauran albarkatun sun hada da iskar gas, gishiri, da takin mai danko. Yankin Volga Delta da Tekun Caspian filayen kamun kifi ne. Astrakhan, wanda yake a cikin Delta, shine cibiyar masana'antar caviar.
Wani tasirin tasirin muhalli na kogin mafi tsayi a Turai shine cewa galibi ana amfani dashi don dalilai kewayawa. Sakamakon gina manyan madatsun ruwa a tsawon shekarun da masana'antu suka yi, kogin Volga ya fadada dan kadan. Yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci ga harkokin sufuri da zirga-zirgar cikin ƙasa a cikin Rasha tunda duk madatsun ruwa na kogin an tanada su don kulle-kullen jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa masu girman girma. Duk waɗannan jiragen suna iya yin tafiya daga Tekun Caspian zuwa kusan ƙarshen kogin a cikin mafi girman yanki.
Kewayawa da matakan gurɓatarwa
Gurbacewar kogi mafi tsayi a Turai ya girma ne kawai tun zamanin masana'antu. An lura cewa a cikin shekarar 2016, iyakancin halattar yawan mai da dangoginsa a cikin ruwan kogi ya karu idan aka kwatanta da wannan binciken da aka gudanar a shekarar 2015. Abin da ya kara dagula lamura, yawaitar gurbatar yanayi a 2016 ya ci gaba da karuwa a duk shekara.
Kayayyakin da aka samu mafi yawan gurbatarwar da aka samu sun hada da iron, mercury, da nickel. A farkon watan Agusta na waccan shekarar, Firayim Ministan Rasha Medvedev ya ba da umarnin da ya dace don hanzarta aiwatar da shirin tsabtace Kogin Volga. Dangane da bayanin da Ma'aikatar Yanayi ta Rasha ta bayar, aiwatar da Tsarin tsabtace kogin Volga zai ci kusan biliyan 34,4, ko kuma kusan dalar Amurka biliyan 580.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da kogi mafi tsayi a cikin Turai da halayensa.