Jirgin ruwa

A cikin yaduwar iska a duniya akwai da yawa igiyoyin da ke jigilar sanyi da zafi da rarraba shi zuwa duk kusurwar duniya. Yawancin raƙuman ruwa suna ciyar da bambance-bambance a cikin canje-canje na matsi, wasu kan yawan iska, wasu kan hauhawar ɗimbin ruwa daga tekuna, da dai sauransu.

A yau mun zo ne don yin magana game da sanannen jet rafi. Waɗannan hanyoyin iska ne waɗanda ke kewaya cikin sauri da kewayen duniya, daga yamma zuwa gabas, suna amfani da katsewar abubuwan da ke faruwa tsakanin ƙwayoyin halittar. Kuna son sanin yadda rafin jet yake aiki kuma menene tasirin rafin jet akan yanayin?

Jirgin ruwa

Sau da yawa ana kiranta azaman rafin jigilar jirgi, amma akwai manyan kogunan jirage guda hudu da ke kewaya duniya, biyu a kowace kogin duniya.

Da farko muna da rafin jet na polar, wanda aka samo shi a 60 ° latitude, duka a arewacin da kudu, kuma shine ke da alhakin canjin yanayi gabaɗaya.

Har ila yau, muna da rafin iska mai zurfin yanayi wanda ke zagayawa kusan 30 ° kuma ba shi da mahimmanci a yanayin yanayi na yankin. Saboda wannan ba shi da tasiri sosai a kan yanayin, ba a cika ambaton rafin jet na polar kuma ana ɗaukarsa da mahimmanci da kwalliya.

Wadannan raƙuman ruwa sun kusan isa iyakar yankin, kusan kilomita 10 tsayi a tsakiyar latitude, inda zasu iya isa m gudu na kusan 250 km / h, har ma da samun iskar iska har zuwa 350 km / h. Don adana mai da rage lokacin tafiya, jiragen sama da yawa na kasuwanci suna yawo a cikin waɗannan raƙuman ruwan don cin gajiyar ƙarfin daga saurin iska.

Jiragen saman suna da fadi na kusan kilomita 200 da kaurin da yake tashi tsakanin mita 5.000 zuwa 7.000, duk da cewa ana iya isa iska mafi yawa a sashensu na tsakiya, wanda aka fi sani da jigon jirgin. Jirgin saman da ke shafar Yankin Iberiya shine na iyakacin duniya.

Yaushe aka gano wannan halin yanzu?

Waɗannan igiyoyin ruwan sun fara yin karatun su ne a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma an bayyana karatun farko a bainar jama'a a ƙarshen, tunda a lokacin yaƙin, wannan binciken sirrin soja ne. Jafananci sune farkon wadanda suka gano cewa babban iska mai gudana da kewayawa a arewacin da kudu wadanda suke da hanzari ba gudu ba kuma suka yi amfani da shi suka harba bama-bamai a kan Amurkawa.

Da farko dai, Amurka ba ta ji tsoron cewa Japan na iya shirin kai hari ta sama ba wacce ke kusan kilomita 7.000 daga juna kuma ta rabu da tekun. Wannan nisan da jiragen saman suka yi ya kasance ba za a iya riskar su ba. Koyaya, gano rafin jigilar jirgin ya baiwa Japan ɗin damar yin zirga-zirgar leƙen asiri zuwa gabar yammacin Amurka, kuma sun ƙirƙiro wata dabara ta kai hari. Daga Japan suna sakin babbar balanbalen takarda wacce daga ita suna rataye da abubuwa masu fashewa. Lokacin da balanbalan suka sami nasarar isa jirgin sun keta Pacific din a cikin rikodin lokaci kuma tare da taimakon mai ƙidayar lokaci sun sauke kayan a kan burin su. Sun yi nasarar tayar da bama-bamai sama da 1000 kunna wutar daji a ko'ina cikin yammacin Amurka.

Halayen Jet Stream

An kafa jigon polar daidai a wuraren da dumbin iska masu dumi daga Equator suke haduwa tare da sanyin ruwan dake zuwa daga Pole ta Arewa. Waɗannan raƙuman ruwa suna kewaye Duniya da motsi, suna haifar da raƙuman ruwa waɗanda suke kama da ma'anar kogin.

Dogaro da lokacin shekarar da muke ciki, jet ba koyaushe yake a daidai latitud baMadadin haka, akwai karkatar da yanayi. A lokacin bazara da watannin bazara yana kusan latti ta 50 ° Arewa kuma a lokacin hunturu yana da kusan latti 35-40 ° N. A lokacin hunturu ƙarfin jirgin sama ya fi na rani girma kuma ya fi saurin gudu. A lokacin watannin bazara yanayin iska mai dumi mai zafi yana da ƙarfi, saboda haka tura jigilar jirgin sama zuwa arewa. A gefe guda kuma, a lokacin hunturu, an fi ƙarfin yawan iska na polar, saboda haka suna iya faɗaɗawa a ƙasan latitude.

Polar Jet yayi daidai a farfajiyar zuwa ga Polar Front da kuma rashin haɗin kansa, wanda ake kira Rossby taguwar ruwa, haifar da matsin lamba mai girma zuwa dama na rafin da ƙananan matsi zuwa hagu, wanda akan farfajiyar yana nunawa kamar anticyclones (subyropical anticyclones, kamar anticyclone na Azores, wanda ke da babban tasiri a yankin Iberian) da kuma hadari (guguwar Atlantic na Polar Front), bi da bi.

Saboda haka, tafarkin halin yanzu yana ƙayyade hanyar guguwar Atlantika da ke hade da Polar Front. Yanayin jigon jirgin ya dogara ne kacokam akan saurin sa. Lokacin da saurin ya fi girma, rafin iska yana bin wata hanya daga yamma zuwa gabas kuma yana sauka a hankali. Lokacin da ake gudanar da irin wannan yanayin ana kiran sa zonal ko a layi daya.

A gefe guda, lokacin da saurin abin da ke gudana yanzu ya ragu, raƙuman ruwa suna daɗaɗawa kuma ana samar da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu yawa zuwa kudu da raƙuman ruwa zuwa arewa, waɗanda ke samo asali daga yankunan da ƙarancin ƙarfi da matsin lamba a saman. Lokacin da wannan nau'in yawo ya gudana, akan kira shi azonal ko Meridian.

Gutters da dorsal

Kogunan da aka kirkira ta sannu a hankali kwararar jirgin saman polar sune shigarwar iska mai sanyi zuwa kudu na hanyar shiyya ta yanzu. Wadannan magudanan ruwa suna da yanayi mai karfi don haka suna bayyana a saman kamar hadari.

Lambobin suna akasin haka. Suna ba da izinin shigar iska mai zafi zuwa arewa, anticyclonic a cikin yanayi, kuma yana barin alamun yanayin zafi da yanayi mai kyau. Lokacin da aka hada kugunan ruwa da tsaunuka kuma suke canzawa sai su bayar babban canji a cikin yanayin latitude.

A wasu lokuta, waɗannan iskar gas ɗin da aka ƙaura daga yanayin lattocin da suka saba na iya ɓatarwa daga babban jirgin, kasancewa keɓe daga gare ta. Idan wannan iskar da aka cire daga sauran jigon ta fito ne daga matattarar ruwa, ana kiranta kebantaccen bacin rai a manyan matakai ko kuma wanda aka fi sani da suna da digon sanyi.

Azores anticyclone

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Azores anticyclone yana da tasirin gaske a yanayinmu a Yankin Iberian. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a san abin da ke faruwa a duk shekara tare da shi.

Sun samo asali ne a cikin yankuna masu tsaka-tsakin dake kusa da ekweita. Saboda tsananin insolation akwai yankin haɗuwa tsakanin juna wanda ke tattare da kasancewar guguwa. A kewayen wannan yankin akwai wani yanki mai yawa na maganin hana yaduwar cuta wanda ke samarwa, misali, saharar Sahara.

Ofaya daga cikin antiyclones shine na Azores. Lokacin rani ya isa kuma adadin abin da ya faru na hasken rana ya fi girma, anticyclone ya kumbura. Antyclone yana aiki a matsayin garkuwa kuma baya barin gaba ya isa yawancin Spain, saboda haka, ba za a yi ruwan sama ba. Yankin da ba shi da kariya shi ne arewa, don haka yana yiwuwa a labe a gaba waɗanda ke ratsa tsakiyar Turai. A saboda wannan dalili, lokacin bazara yana yin karancin ruwan sama sosai da rana mai yawa, kuma a arewa ne kawai za mu iya samun wadataccen ruwan sama.

A lokacin sanyi, wannan anticyclone ya zama karami kuma ya koma kudu. Wannan halin zai ba da izinin shigowar gaba daga Tekun Atlantika kuma kawai wani abu daga kudu da tsibirin Canary za a kare. Shima zai tafi kyauta kyauta a ƙofar iska mai sanyi daga arewa.

Ko wasu maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ko na tsaunuka suna da ruwan sama ko ƙasa sun dogara da juzu'in Azores anticyclone, wanda yawanci ba ya tafiya daidai, amma yana tashi sama da ƙasa. Lokacin da kwale-kwalen ya juya baya, hakan na ba wa gaba damar shiga yankin Iberian, kuma idan ya juya sai ya hana fuskokin gabatowa yankinmu, yana ba mu ranakun rana da yanayi mai kyau.

Jet stream da dumamar yanayi

A kafafen watsa labarai ana ci gaba da ambatarsa ​​cewa dumamar yanayi da canjin yanayi na kara yawan fari da ambaliyar ruwa. Koyaya, me yasa ba'a ambata ba. Yana da dangantaka da canje-canjen da yake samarwa a cikin rafin jet.

A cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata kaɗai, mummunar fari a cikin Kalifoniya, raƙuman ruwan zafi a Amurka da Yammacin Turai, da mummunar ambaliyar ruwa a Pakistan, sun ta'azzara lokacin da canjin yanayi da ɗan adam ya yi ya katse waɗannan manyan hanyoyin iska.

Dole ne a tuna cewa idan muka canza waɗannan tsarin da hanyoyin motsi a cikin ɗimbin iska mai ɗumi da sanyi za mu kasance haifar da ƙarin raƙuman zafi, fari da ƙarin zafi a cikin iska haifar da ƙarin ambaliyar. Changesananan canje-canje a cikin waɗannan raƙuman ruwa na iya haifar da tasiri akan yanayin duniya, kamar raguwa a cikin yawan iska. Amma menene zai iya haifar da ɗimbin iska da dumi da ke yawo a cikin rafin jet don rage gudu? Da kyau sosai karamin bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin iska mai zafi da iska. Wannan ƙaramin bambancin yana faruwa ne saboda ɗumamar yanayi, tunda duk iska a doron ƙasa tana ɗumi.

Bayan karatun da yawa, an kammala cewa ɗan adam, bayan juyin juya halin masana'antu, ya haifar da raguwar 70% na saurin rafin jet. Wannan na iya haifar da karuwar mummunan yanayi kamar fari da ambaliyar ruwa.

Kamar yadda kake gani, yanayin duniya ya daidaita da wadannan ragunan kuma suna da wata hanyar da dole ne a kiyaye ta idan muna son al'amuran yanayi su ci gaba da faruwa daidai.