Rio Tinto

A yau za mu yi magana game da ɗayan kogunan da ke da ban sha'awa a cikin yankin Iberian duka. Game da shi Tinto kogi. Tana can tana wanka ruwanta yayin tafiyar kilomita 100 zuwa bakinta a lardin Huelva. Tana karɓar sunanta ne saboda kalar ruwanta. Wannan gaskiyar ta sa ta zama ɗayan sanannun koguna a duniya.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk halaye, asali da ayyukan tattalin arziki, da mahimmancin kogin Tinto.

Babban fasali

Kogin Tinto sananne ne sosai a duk duniya saboda yana wakiltar ɗayan tsoffin ƙauyukan wuraren hakar ma'adanai a rubuce. Wasu daga cikin shaidun da masu bincike suka gano sun nuna cewa tuni akwai aikin hakar ma'adanai kamar su amfani da narkar da tagulla tun shekara ta 3.000 BC Tushen wannan kogin yana farawa ne daga Saliyo de Huelva. Musamman, yana cikin Sierra de Padre Caro wanda yake a cikin gundumar Nerva. Tana da hanya kusan kilomita 100 kuma tana da bakin ta a cikin hanyar bakin ruwa wanda ya haɗu da kogin Odiel. Ta wannan hanyar, yana gudana zuwa cikin Tekun Cádiz wanda yake kan iyakar garin Huelva.

Duk cikin tafiyarsa yana wucewa ta cikin garin Minas de Río Tinto, sannan ya wuce zuwa El Campillo. Da zarar duk yankin ya wuce, sai ya gano Zalamea la Real da Berrocal. Yana ci gaba da hanyar zuwa kudu kuma ya ratsa ta cikin ƙananan hukumomin Valverde del Camino, Paterna del Campo, Niebla da La Palma del Condado. A ƙarshe, suna wucewa ta wasu ƙananan hukumomi har sai sun isa ƙarshen su a cikin garin Huelva.

Ayyukan tattalin arziki na kogin Tinto

Wannan kogin sananne ne a duk duniya saboda mahimman ayyukan ma'adinai da ake yi a can. Duk waɗannan ayyukan suna da matukar muhimmanci ga ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin. Tun da ba za a iya raba rafin da ma'adinai ba, aka kafa Río Tinto Mining Park. Wannan wurin shakatawar na da burin yawon bude ido kuma yana koyar da baƙi dukkan tarihin da mahimmin aikin hakar ma'adinai da ake yi a wurin. Ta wannan hanyar, ba kawai kuna koyo game da tarihi da al'amuran yau da kullun ba ne amma kuma za a iya jin daɗin ku a matsayin iyali.

Akwai wasu hanyoyi kamar su Peña del Hierro, wanda ma'adinai ne tare da ɗakunan ajiya na Roman waɗanda zaku iya ziyarta, matuƙar kuna tare da jagorori. Hakanan akwai wasu wuraren da ke da jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido kamar Gidan Tarihi na Ma'adinai. Anan akwai kusan dakuna 15 inda aka bayyana duk abin da ya faru tsawon tarihi akan kogin Tinto. Bincika nuna wasu kayan tarihi, ilimin kere-kere, masana'antar jirgin kasa da ma'adinai.

Wasu daga cikin ayyukan nishaɗin da zasu iya kawo wadatacciyar wadata ga waɗannan ƙasashe ana aiwatar da su a cikin Unguwar Ingilishi. A saboda wannan dalili, daraktocin Kamfanin Riotinto Company Limited sun yi nasarar girke irin wannan unguwar ta Ingilishi. Misali, ba kawai ya kawo ci gaban tattalin arziki ba, amma ya kawo wasu hanyoyin rayuwar Ingilishi. Mun ga kwasa-kwasan wasan golf, aikin ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙungiyar samari da yara.

Cikakken bayanin kogin Tinto

Zamu ci gaba da yin cikakken bayanin wannan kogin. Mun san cewa yana da nisan kilomita 100 kuma yana karɓar ruwa daga sassan wasu koguna a Saliyo de Huelva. Daga cikin kogunan da suka fi kwarara akwai: Nicoba, Casa de Valverde, Jarrama, Corumbel, Domingo Rubio da Candón.

Mun san cewa Kogin Tinto yana da halaye na musamman na ruwa waɗanda aka samo su daga yanayin yanayin ƙasa. Launin launinsa ya samo asali ne daga abubuwan karafa na ƙarfe da tagulla waɗanda ake samu a gefen kogin. Waɗannan kuɗaɗen suna ɗaukar ƙwayoyin acidophilic a cikin ruwan waɗanda ke da alhakin wadatar da sinadarin sulfides don rayuwarsu. Ta wannan hanyar, tare da wannan fitowar furotin a cikin ruwa wanda ke ƙara pH na kogin kuma ya sanya shi samun tashar ruwa.

Rokon kimiyyar da wannan kogin ya samu cikin tarihi ya fito ne daga pH mai guba tare da kasancewar manyan ƙarfe da ƙaramin iskar shaƙa. Wannan jimillar halaye ya sanya ta zama mahalli na musamman a duk duniya. Gaskiyar batun nazarin wani yanayin halittu na musamman a duniya yana da matukar sha'awar masana kimiyya kuma yana jan hankalin su. Kuma gaskiyar ita ce Kogin Tinto yanki ne mai matukar tsayi wanda aka samo shi daga juyin halittar kananan halittu wadanda basa bukatar iskar oxygen ko rana sosai. Ta wannan hanyar, sun sami damar daidaitawa da ciyar da ma'adinai. Wadannan kwayoyin suna da baiwa ta hanyar juyin halitta kuma sun hada da kwayoyin cuta, fungi da wasu cututtukan algae.

Wani kwayar halittar da take da sha'awa ta musamman akan binciken wannan kogin ita ce NASA. Bayanai daga wasu bincike ya nuna cewa, idan aka sami ruwa mai laushi a duniyar Mars, za'a iya samun wasu yankuna kama da Kogin Tinto wanda yake rayuwa. Kodayake yana da jan launi da kuma babban acidity, ruwan ba shi da haɗari a taɓa shi. Akwai koguna inda za'a iya taba ruwan ba tare da cutarwa ba, kodayake an hana amfani da su saboda kasancewar karafa masu nauyi.

Gurbata

Duk da halaye na musamman na wannan kogin, ba a kiyaye shi daga gurɓataccen mutum ba. Kodayake akwai matakan gurɓataccen yanayi saboda kasancewar abubuwa masu nauyi da aka raba a cikin ruwa, ana ƙara tasirin da ayyukan ɗan adam ke haifarwa. Fitar da ruwan masana'antu daga masana'antar rini ba tare da magani a cikin garin Nerva ba Suna son a daina ganin laifinsu tunda wadannan ruwan suna da launi kama da ruwan kogi.

Dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa wannan kogin na musamman ne kuma na musamman ne kuma yana iya samun rauni mai yawa a cikin ma'aunin haɓakar halittu. Kamar yadda kuke gani, ba ma tare da tsarin halittu na musamman a duk duniya ba ɗan adam yana fifita sha'awar tattalin arziki akan na kimiyya.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da kogin Tinto da halaye na musamman.