Ma'adini shi ne ma'adanai mafi yawa a cikin ɓawon ƙasa, ana rarrabe shi da ire -irensa iri -iri, sifofi da launuka, wanda ke sa ya zama abin sha'awa da ƙima. Saboda iri -iri da iri iri, yana da aikace -aikace iri -iri. Akwai daban -daban iri ma'adini kuma suna da amfani daban -daban dangane da launi da abun da suke da shi.
Don haka, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku menene nau'ikan ma'adini daban -daban da ke wanzuwa a duniya kuma menene manyan halayen su.
Mene ne ya kunshi?
Ma'adini ya ƙunshi gel siliki guda ɗaya da sassa biyu oxygen. Dangane da abun da ke cikin su, suna da tsayayya sosai kuma suna da kaddarorin da ke sa wannan ma'adinai ta zama cikakkiyar sifa ga na'urori kamar agogo ko na'urorin watsa mitar rediyo. Hakanan ana ganin waɗannan duwatsun suna da warkarwa, kariya, da ikon sarrafa ƙarfi. Tsoffin wayewa kamar Masarawa, Aztec da Romawa sun yi amfani da shi a cikin kayan ado da layu saboda sun yi imani cewa tana da ikon warkar da jiki da tunani da tsayayya da kuzari mara kyau.
Ma'adini yana bayyana kusan ko'ina a duniya kuma yana zuwa cikin launuka daban -daban. Sun bambanta daga m zuwa gaba ɗaya opaque, kuma ana ɗauka kowannensu yana da ma'ana daban.
Dangane da abin da ya ƙunshi, akwai nau'ikan ma'adini iri -iri, kodayake mafi shahararrun sune amethyst, citrine da ma'adini madara, waɗanda ake la'akari da su a cikin ilimin gemology. Menene ƙari, Akwai wasu nau'ikan ma'adini waɗanda ake ɗauka da duwatsu masu daraja duk da ƙarancin ƙima. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan ana rarrabasu gwargwadon nau'in crystallites, wato launinsu. Wasu daga cikin na kowa sune:
- Milky white quartz, translucent ko kusan opaque.
- Gilashin kyafaffen, m da sautin launin toka.
- Citrine ma'adini, rawaya zuwa haske orange.
- Amethyst, fiye ko deepasa mai zurfi purple.
- Rose ma'adini, saboda kasancewar aluminium.
Halayen nau'ikan ma'adini
Daga cikin halaye na yau da kullun tsakanin kowane nau'in ma'adini da ke wanzu muna da masu zuwa:
- Gilashin ma'adini yana cikin rukunin silicates, musamman tectosilicates.
- Tsarkin sinadarinsa mai tsabta ya yi daidai da silicon dioxide (SiO2), wanda shine siliki kashi ɗaya da sassa biyu oxygen.
- An bayyana shi ta babban tsananin Mohs na 7.
- Girmansa ko takamaiman ƙarfinsa yayi kama da matsakaicin ƙimar dunƙulen ƙasa, tsakanin 2,6 zuwa 2,7 grams a kowace santimita mai siffar sukari.
- Yana da babban tsarin kristal yayi daidai da tsarin lu'ulu'u mai kusurwa shida.
- Haskensa yana kama da lu'ulu'u na gilashi.
- Dangoginsa ko nuna sahihanci yana da haske ko m, ta yadda haske zai iya ratsa cikin gilashi cikin sauƙi.
- A ƙarshe, launin sa mai launi ba shi da launi ko babu.
Nau'in ma'adini
Nau'in ma'adini yana nufin kowane nau'in ma'adini, bambancin kawai shine cewa ƙazantar da ke cikin sinadarin crystal ya bambanta, amma asalin sinadarin ma'adini (SiO2) har yanzu yana nan. Bambancin wannan sinadaran ya ba ma'adini launuka iri -iri.
Ma'adini na crystalline
Ma'adini na Crystalline kowane nau'in ma'adini ne, suna bayyana azaman ingantattun kristal da barbashi a bayyane, wato a nan za ku iya ganin siffar ma'adini da dukkan halayensa.
Mafi yawan misalai na wannan rukunin sune kristal ma'adini (lu'ulu'u na dutse), ma'adinai barbashi samu a dutse da sandstone, kuma ma'adini samu a jijiya.
Cryptocrystalline ko microcrystalline
An kafa wannan ƙungiya ta ma'adanai masu ma'adini, waɗanda aka haɗa da lu'ulu'u na ma'adini, wato, waɗannan lu'ulu'u ba za a iya gani da ido ba, amma tare suke samar da nau'in ma'adini na microcrystalline. Sau da yawa ana kiran wannan rukuni chalcedony.
Asali da samuwar duwatsu
Ma'adini shi ne ma'adinai mafi yawa a cikin ɓawon ƙasa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin tsarin rarrabuwa na duwatsu masu ƙanƙara, duwatsu masu ɗimbin yawa da duwatsun metamorphic. Asalinsa, halittar sa da samuwar sa sun dogara sosai ga yanayin muhallin da ke da alaƙa da shi. Ana samun ma'adini mai ƙera dutse yana haɗuwa tare da adadi mai yawa na ma'adanai a cikin nau'ikan duwatsu daban-daban, yana mai da shi sashi na sinadarin ma'adanai da ƙirar dutsen.
A cikin duwatsu masu ƙyalƙyali, ma'adini yana yin zurfi a cikin magma kuma ya zama ɓangaren granite, diorite, granodiorite, da sauransu. Quartz crystallite iri za a iya crystallized daga kwatsam sanyaya na lava da pyroclastic kayan, misali, ma'adini wani ɓangare ne na rhyolite, pumice ko dacite. A ƙarshe a cikin las rocas sedimentarias los granos de cuarzo van don zuwa daga rarrabuwa, meteorización, erosión kai can can desde otro tipo de rocas hasta wanda ya dace da nueva roca sedimentaria.
Hydrothermal ma'adini
Hydrothermal ma'adini shi ne wani irin crystallized ma'adini daga silicon dioxide a hydrothermal ruwaye, kuma gabaɗaya yana da alaƙa da wasu nau'ikan ma'adanai na ma'adinai ko jijiyoyin hydrothermal ko ma'adinai a cikin jijiyoyin jini. Yawancin waɗannan jijiyoyin ma'adini galibi suna da ban sha'awa a cikin binciken ma'adinai na ƙasa saboda suna iya ƙunsar karafa masu ban sha'awa kamar su zinariya, azurfa, da zinc.
Hydrothermal quartz haɗuwa ne na magma wanda ya ƙunshi ruwa da lu'ulu'u waɗanda ke yin lava. Wannan tsari ya samo asali ne daga matsanancin zafin jiki da matsin lamba a ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma ruwa na iya narkar da ma'adanai daban -daban. Yayin da zafin magma ke raguwa, ragowar ruwa shine ma'adini da ruwa, wannan maganin yana gudana ta cikin fasa a cikin dutsen da ke kewaye, inda ya huce ya fara ƙarfafawa cikin sauri.
Wannan tsari na iya samar da kyawawan lu'ulu'u masu ma'adini, kazalika da lu'ulu'u na garnet, calcite, sphalerite, tourmaline, galena, pyrite, har ma azurfa da zinariya. Examplesaya daga cikin misalai mafi bayyane na wannan nau'in shine amethyst, wanda shine ma'adini na microcrystalline purple. Launin yana iya zama da yawa ko ƙasa da ƙarfi, gwargwadon yawan baƙin ƙarfe (Fe + 3) da ya ƙunshi. An kafa wannan a gidajen abinci na wani bayani mai wadatar baƙin ƙarfe oxide, a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da 300 ° C, za su nuna launi mai launin shuɗi.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da nau'ikan ma'adini da halayen su.