Fari lamari ne na halitta wanda ya ƙunshi raguwar ruwan sama ƙasa da matsakaita (wanda zai zama daidai a yanki) kuma, sakamakon haka, raguwar wadatattun albarkatun ruwa, duka a cikin magudanan ruwa da magudanan ruwa. Spain ta fuskanci, ta ƙare 2017, tare da fari mafi tsanani a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata.
Me Spain za ta yi don dakatar da wannan yanayin?
Mafi munin fari
Rashin ruwan sama yana rage matakan magudanan ruwa a kudu maso gabas kuma, kuma abin tsoro, wadanda ke arewa maso yamma. Matakan suna kusa da 30%, ƙimomin da ba a taɓa gani ba tun 1990.
Ruwan da aka kame, ba tare da lissafin ruwan sama na ƙarshe ba, yana da maki 20 ƙasa da matsakaicin shekaru 10 da suka gabata. Yanayin Spain ya kasance kuma koyaushe zai zama bushe, tare da yanayin fari na fiye ko moreasa da shekaru 3-4. Koyaya, wannan fari shine mafi tsananin cikin fiye da shekaru 20.
Wannan halin rashin ruwa ya zama mai laushi a cikin tafki irin su Miño-Sil, Segura, Júcar, Guadalquivir kuma musamman a cikin Duero, tare da kusan 30% kasa da shekaru 10 da suka gabata.
Dangane da yanayin ƙasar Spain da kuma yankin, fari ya zama gama gari. Saboda haka, kashi 75% na yankin Sifen yana da saukin kwararowar hamada. A cikin lokacin 1991-1995 tuni akwai matsalar fari kamar wannan tare da irin waɗannan ƙimar ƙimar.
Wannan fari ya samo asali ne sanadiyyar karancin ruwan sama a shekarar 2014 da 2016, inda a ciki aka yi ruwan sama da kashi 6% kasa da yadda ake da shi. Bugu da kari, maɓuɓɓugan suna da ƙarancin ruwan sama kuma hanyoyin sadarwar wadatar jama'a sun rasa kusan kashi 25% na ruwa.
Duk waɗannan abubuwan dole ne mu ƙara haɓaka a yawon shakatawa a kusan dukkanin yankin Sifen, sun karu yankunan noma don ban ruwa kuma, saboda karuwar matsakaicin yanayin zafi, haka yanayin ruwa mai danshi.
Yayi bushe shekara
Wannan shekarar ilimin halittun ruwa ta ƙare a watan Oktoba na wannan shekara ta bushe sosai gaba ɗaya. Yankunan mafi ƙasƙanci na ƙasar Spain kamar Galicia, arewacin Castilla y León, babban ɓangaren Asturias da Cantabria suma sun sha wahala sosai a cikin ruwan sama.
Babu shakka yankunan da suka fi bushewa a shekara su ne Extremadura, Andalusia da Canaries. A cikin waɗannan al'ummomin ruwan sama bai wuce kashi 75% na ƙimar al'ada ba, yana mai da shi shekara ta takwas tare da mafi karancin ruwan sama tun 1981.
Tun lokacin da wannan sabuwar shekara ta ruwa ta fara (2017-2018), lamarin sai kara ta'azzara yake yi. A kan matsakaitan bayanai na lita 150 a kowane murabba'in mita da aka saba tarawa daga Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba, an tattara 63 ne kawai.
Sakamakon fari
A cikin tafkunan ruwa da yawa a cikin Spain, ƙauyuka sun fito waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin ruwa saboda ƙarancin ruwa. Waɗannan garuruwan an nutsar da su tun daga shekarun 60, yayin ƙirƙirar mafi yawan tafkunan ruwan Spain. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan garuruwan da abubuwan tarihin sune tsohuwar cocin Santa Eugenia de Cenera de Zalima a cikin tafkin Aguilar de Campoo (Palencia) da kuma tsohon garin Mansilla a La Rioja.
Daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da fari ke haifarwa a yawan jama'a shine matsalar wadata su. Yanke ruwa ya zama dole don samun ikon kiyayewa albarkatun ruwa na tsawon lokacin da zai yiwu. Gwamnati tana tabbatar da cewa ana iyakar yin aiki don kauce ma hana ruwa. Koyaya, idan wannan yanayin ya ci gaba, wasu alumma zasu sami matsala game da ruwan sha.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, kyakkyawan amfani da ruwa ɗayan ginshiƙai ne na ƙasar da ke fama da fari. Rashin 25% a cikin hanyar sadarwar wadata duk lalacewa ce da ba za mu iya bari ba. Don kauce wa wannan yanayin, dole ne a ilimantar da jama'a don cin gajiyar wannan kadarar mai ƙima da ƙaranci.