Mun san cewa duniyarmu tana cike da abubuwan ban sha'awa da wuraren da suka wuce almara. Daya daga cikin wuraren da ke jan hankali ga masana kimiyya shine idon sahara. Wani yanki ne da ke tsakiyar sahara wanda ake iya gani daga sararin samaniya cikin siffar ido.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu ba ku labarin duk abin da aka sani game da idon hamadar Sahara, asalinsa da halayensa.
Idon sahara
An san shi a duniya da sunan "Idon Sahara" ko "Idon Bull", tsarin Richat wani yanayi ne mai ban sha'awa da aka samu a cikin hamadar Sahara kusa da birnin Udane, Mauritania, Afirka. Don bayyanawa, siffar "ido" za a iya samun cikakkiyar godiya daga sararin samaniya.
Tsarin diamita mai tsawon kilomita 50, wanda aka yi da layukan karkace, an gano shi ne a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1965 da wasu 'yan sama jannatin NASA James McDivit da Edward White suka gano a lokacin wani jirgin sama mai suna Gemini 4.
Asalin Idon Sahara ba shi da tabbas. Hasashen farko ya nuna cewa saboda tasirin meteorite ne, wanda zai bayyana siffar madauwari. Duk da haka, bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa yana iya zama tsarin daidaitacce na kubba na anticlinal da aka samu ta hanyar zaizawar shekaru sama da miliyoyin shekaru.
Idon sahara ya sha bamban a duniya domin yana tsakiyar sahara babu komai a cikinsa.A tsakiyar ido akwai dutsen Proterozoic (daga biliyan 2.500 zuwa miliyan 542 da suka wuce). A waje da tsarin, duwatsun sun kasance zuwa lokacin Ordovician (farawa kimanin shekaru miliyan 485 da suka wuce kuma ya ƙare kimanin shekaru 444 da suka wuce).
Mafi ƙanƙanta tsarin yana cikin radius mafi nisa, yayin da mafi tsufa tsarin su ne a tsakiyar dome. A ko'ina cikin yankin akwai nau'ikan duwatsu da yawa irin su rhyolite na volcanic, dutsen wuta, carbonatite da kimberlite.
Asalin ido daga hamadar sahara
Idon Sahara yana kallon sararin samaniya kai tsaye. Yana da diamita na kimanin mita 50.000 kuma masu nazarin yanayin kasa da masu ilmin taurari sun yarda cewa wani abu ne mai ban mamaki. Wasu masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa an samo shi ne bayan karo na wani katon asteroid. Duk da haka, wasu sun yi imanin cewa yana da alaƙa da zaizayar kubba ta hanyar iska.
Wurin da ke arewa maso yammacin Mauritania, a yammacin ƙarshen Afirka, abin da ke da ban mamaki shi ne cewa tana da da'irar da'ira a ciki. Ya zuwa yanzu, wannan shi ne abin da aka sani game da crustal anomalies.
Ana rade-radin zagayen Idon sahara na nuna alamar wani tsohon birni da ya bata. Wasu, masu aminci ga ka'idar makirci, sun tabbatar da cewa wani bangare ne na babban tsari na waje. Idan babu kwakkwarar shaida, duk waɗannan hasashe ana mayar da su ne zuwa fagen hasashe na pseudoscientific.
A gaskiya ma, Sunan hukuma na wannan filin ƙasa shine "Richat Structure". An rubuta wanzuwar sa tun cikin shekarun 1960, lokacin da NASA Gemini balaguron jannati suka yi amfani da shi azaman ma'ana. A lokacin, har yanzu ana tsammanin samfurin babban tasirin asteroid ne.
A yau, duk da haka, muna da wasu bayanai: "An yi imanin fasalin yanayin yanayin madauwari sakamakon wani kubba mai tashe (wanda masana ilimin geologists suka rarraba a matsayin wani nau'i mai banƙyama) wanda ya ɓata, yana fallasa sifofin dutse," in ji hukumar sararin samaniya. Samfuran sinadarai a yankin ya nuna cewa ya samu kimanin shekaru miliyan 542 da suka wuce. A cewar IFL Science, wannan zai sanya shi a cikin Late Proterozoic zamanin, lokacin da wani tsari da ake kira folding ya faru a cikin abin da "tectonic sojojin matsa sedimentary dutse." Ta haka ne aka kafa simintin gyaran fuska, yana mai da shi zagaye.
Daga ina launukan sifofin suka fito?
Bangaren kimiyya daban-daban sun yi nazari sosai kan Idon Sahara. A gaskiya ma, binciken 2014 da aka buga a cikin Journal of Geosciences na Afirka ya nuna hakan Tsarin Richat ba samfurin tectonics bane. Maimakon haka, masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa dutsen da aka narkar da shi ya motsa kubbar.
Masana kimiyya sun bayyana cewa kafin ya bazu, an samu zoben da ake iya gani a sama a yau. Saboda shekarun da'irar, yana iya kasancewa samfur ne na rabuwar Pangea: babban nahiyar da ya kai ga rarrabawar Duniya a halin yanzu.
Dangane da nau'ikan launi da ake iya gani a saman tsarin, masu binciken sun yarda cewa wannan yana da alaƙa da nau'in dutsen da ya taso daga zaizayar ƙasa. Daga cikin su, rhyolite mai laushi mai laushi da gabobin da ba su da kyau sun fito waje, waɗanda suka sami canjin yanayin ruwa. Don haka, Idon Sahara ba shi da “iris” guda ɗaya.
Me yasa ake danganta ta da ɓataccen birnin Atlantis?
Wannan tsibiri na tatsuniya ya bayyana a cikin rubutun sanannen masanin falsafa na Girka Plato kuma an kwatanta shi da ƙarfin soja mara misaltuwa wanda ya wanzu dubban shekaru kafin wanzuwar Solon, mai ba da shari'a na Atheniya, a cewar wannan masanin falsafa Solon shine tushen tarihi.
Idan aka yi la’akari da rubuce-rubucen Plato a kan batun. Ba mamaki da yawa sun gaskata wannan "ido" daga wata duniya ne kuma yana iya samun wani abu da ya shafi ƙarshen miliyoyin Atlanteans. Daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa ido ya dade ba a gano shi ba, shi ne cewa yana daya daga cikin wuraren da ba su da kyau a duniya.
Kamar yadda abin almara da ban mamaki kamar yadda bayanin Plato na Atlantis ya kasance, mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa kawai ya zazzage saman. Plato ya kwatanta Atlantis a matsayin manyan da'irar da'irar da ke tsakanin ƙasa da ruwa, kama da "Idon Sahara" da muke gani a yau. Wannan da ta kasance wadatacciyar wayewar utopian wadda ta aza harsashi ga tsarin dimokuradiyya na Athens, al'umma mai arzikin zinare, azurfa, tagulla, da sauran karafa da duwatsu masu daraja.
Shugabansu, Atlantis, zai kasance jagora a cikin ilimin kimiyya, gine-gine, noma, fasaha, bambancin da kuma karfafa ruhaniya, ikonsa na ruwa da na soja bai dace da waɗannan bangarori ba, Sarakunan Atlantis suna mulki tare da matsananciyar iko.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da idon hamadar Sahara da halayensa.