Homo Neanderthalensis

homo Neanderthalensis

El Homo Neanderthalensis wanda kuma aka sani da Neanderthal wani nau'in ɗan adam ne wanda ya haɓaka musamman a Turai daga kusan shekaru 230.000 da suka gabata zuwa kusan shekaru 28.000 da suka gabata. An san shi da sunan Neanderthal kuma, ba kamar sauran nau'in halittar Homo ba, ya bunƙasa kuma yana rayuwa a nahiyar Turai.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu fada muku dukkan halaye, asali da kuma yadda yake Homo Neanderthalensis.

Asalin Homo neanderthalensis

neanderthal mutum

'Yan asalin Turai, an sami shaidar cewa ta fito daga Heidelbergs, wanda ya zo Turai daga Afirka a lokacin tsakiyar Pleistocene. A cikin yanayin juyin halittar ɗan adam, akwai dangantakar shekaru da Homo sapiens, kodayake ba a bayyana ba. An gudanar da cikakken bincike kan kudaden da aka gano kuma akwai shakku. Babban abin da ya fi dacewa shi ne cewa su nau’o’i biyu ne daban -daban, duk da cewa suna cikin jinsi iri daya, amma sun kasance tare a lokaci guda.

Shin irin wannan bambancin tsakanin mutane da Homo sapiens a cikin tsarin jikin mutum. Ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwa yana da yawa, har ma ya fi na mutanen zamani. Wannan yana daga cikin dalilan da yasa masana ke shakkar dalilin gushewar ta. Mafi shaharar ka'idar tana nuna cewa adadin Homo sapiens daga Afirka ya mamaye su.

Mun san cewa wannan nahirar ita ce shimfiɗar ɗan adam, saboda ita ce nau'inmu da ke bayyana a wannan nahiya. Tun daga wannan lokacin, kakannin bil'adama sun faɗaɗa zuwa sauran sassan duniya kuma sun mallake ta gaba ɗaya. A tsarin juyin halitta, ba kai kaɗai ba ne.

Ta wannan hanyar, mutane daban -daban na nau'ikan halittu iri ɗaya na iya bayyana a Turai. Neanderthals suna da ikon zama manyan jinsuna. A lokacin kankara, nau'in da ya samo asali dole ya canza mazauninsa. Saboda matsanancin sanyi da yanayin muhalli mara kyau, wannan ya tilasta musu yin ƙaura zuwa kudu. A cikin ƙarni, yanayi daban -daban na keɓewa ya haifar da buƙatar daidaitawa da haifar da juyin halittar hominids.

Bayan shekarun kankara sun ƙare, sun fara kama Neanderthals. Wannan shine inda suke canzawa daga nau'ikan daban -daban zuwa wani. Wannan shine yadda Homo Neanderthalensis.

Yawan jama'a Homo Neanderthalensis

ci gaban mutum

Duk da cewa ya dade a kusa, amma bai taɓa samun yawan jama'a ba. An kiyasta cewa a cikin shekaru 200.000 da ta rayu a duniya, yawanta bai wuce 7.000 ba. Wannan ƙaramar jama'a ce, saboda kowane ƙaramin gari a yau yana da ƙarin mazauna. Lokacin ɗaukaka na wannan nau'in ya faru kimanin shekaru 100.000 da suka gabata. Kayan aikin da aka gano suna ba da damar masana kimiyya su tabbatar da cewa suna da ɗimbin ƙarfi don haɓaka ilimi.

Ko da yake yawansu ƙarami ne, an gano burbushin da aka warwatsa, wanda ke nuna cewa an same su a yawancin galibin nahiyar Turai. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa da sun isa tsakiyar Asiya. Dangantaka tsakanin Neanderthals da Homo sapiens wani lokaci yana cin karo da ra'ayin juyin halitta na layika. Halin da ake ciki yanzu ya sha bamban.

Dabbobi iri -iri na wannan nau'in sun raba ƙasar a yankuna daban -daban kuma suna zama tare a wasu yankuna. Neanderthals sun rayu a Turai, Homo sapiens sun rayu a Afirka kuma wasu nau'in kamar Homo erectus sun zo gabas.

Dabarun binciken da aka yi amfani da su don ƙarin koyo game da wannan nau'in suna tafiya mai nisa wajen warware kamannin mutane. Fasaha ce ta binciken DNA. Kamar yadda kowa ya sani, lokacin da Homo sapiens ya bar Afirka, Homo sapiens da Neanderthals sun kasance tare a Turai. Amma kadan aka sani game da zaman tare. Godiya ga binciken da aka buga akan Neanderthal genome, mun san cewa har yanzu mutane suna da kusan 3% DNA na Neanderthal. Wannan yana nufin cewa akwai haɗin kai tsakanin jinsunan biyu, kodayake ta wata hanya ta musamman.

Farkon cakuda tsakanin jinsunan biyu ya ɗauki tsawon lokaci fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Kimanin shekaru 100.000 da suka gabata, mutanen waɗannan nau'ikan biyu sun wanzu a wuri guda. Wasu da'irar kimiyya har yanzu suna jayayya game da ɓarkewar Neanderthals. Akwai wasu theories, amma babu wanda za'a iya kafawa daidai. Fitowar sabbin bayanai da alama ta wuce ainihin lokacin da nau'in ya ɓace.

An kiyasta cewa lokacin da Turai ta fara sanyi sosai, sai su fara ɓacewa, wanda ke fassara zuwa raguwar albarkatun ƙasa. Dangane da dalilin bacewar sa, wasu masana sun nuna cewa yana iya yiwuwa canjin yanayi da muka ambata a baya. Wasu masana sun yi iƙirarin cewa dalilin ɓacewar Neanderthals na iya kasancewa saboda isowar Homo sapiens. Wannan ka'idar ba ta kafu sosai ba, domin mun ga akwai giciye tsakanin su.

Don haka, hasashe mafi inganci na ƙarshe da aka yi ƙoƙarin tabbatarwa shine adadin Homo sapiens ya fi 10 yawan Neanderthals. Wannan ya haifar da gasa don albarkatun ƙasa kuma wasu cututtukan sun shafi Neanderthals maimakon Homo sapiens. Don yin wannan, za mu ƙara giciye tsakanin jinsunan biyu, wanda ke nufin ɓacewar nau'in baya.

Curiosities

homo neanderthalensis al'ada

Daga cikin burbushin Neanderthal da aka gano, mun gano cewa wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da isasshen bayani don fahimtar halayensu na zahiri. Sun saba da sanyi saboda dole ne su tsira a cikin yanayin da shekarun kankara na ƙarshe ya nuna. Wannan yana tilasta musu su saba da yanayin sanyi sosai don tsira. A cikin waɗannan daidaitawa, mun ga cewa lokaci yana taƙaitaccen lokaci. Hancin kuma ya fi fadi don ya iya ɗaukar ƙanshin daga nesa mafi girma. Ba su tsaya tsayin su ba tunda yana da matsakaicin tsayi na mita 1.65.

Kodayake tun farko ana tunanin haka Abincin Neanderthals ya kasance mai cin namaBinciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa abincin su ya bambanta kuma ya dace da yanayin. Sun haɗa da mollusks, kifi, hatimi, kunkuru na teku da tsuntsaye, da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari masu wadata (kusan kashi 80% na abincin su).

Sun san wuta kuma suna amfani da ita a cikin dafa abinci, kuma wani ilimin likitanci sosai, wanda ya haɗa da haushi na poplar azaman mai rage zafi na halitta. Wani muhimmin al'amari shi ne, gutsuttsarinsa yana nuna wani nau'in cin naman alade, wanda a bayyane yake ba shi da alaƙa da lokacin ƙanƙara.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da Homo Neanderthalensis.


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