Tun shigowar karfi Yarjejeniyar Paris, 'yan siyasa a kasashe da yawa na duniya sun dukufa wajen hana fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, gami da CO2. Tattalin arzikin duniya ya nuna cewa zai iya bunkasa ba tare da fitar da iska mai yawa ba, tun da hayakin duniya zama mai sauƙi ko ƙasa da ƙarfi tsawon shekaru uku a jere .
Koyaya, kusan masana kimiyya ɗari sunyi aiki don buga wani binciken da ya nuna cewa fashewar methane (wani iskar gas) a cikin yanayin mu yayi barazanar lalata duk wani abu da akeyi wajen yaki da canjin yanayi.
Gas na Methane
Methane shine, tare da CO2 da nitrogen oxide, ɗayan manyan gas masu gurɓataccen yanayi. Kodayake carbon dioxide shine mai laifin kashi 80% na dumamar yanayi, Tarkon methane ya ninka zafi sau 28. A yanzu, a halin yanzu, natsuwarsa a cikin yanayi bai kai na CO2 ba. Duk da yake CO2 ya wuce Kashi 400 a cikin miliyan daya, methane ya kai 1.834 amma ga kowane biliyan.
A cikin rahoton da aka buga akan methane, an gano cewa tsawon shekaru da hayakin methane ya daidaita, shekaru goma da suka gabata sun fara girma kuma ba su yi hakan ba har yanzu. Tsakanin 2006 da 2015 ƙarar da ta samu a cikin yanayi ya karu da sau 20. An fitar da irin wannan adadin na methane a cikin sararin samaniya wanda sakewar iskar gas ba shi da lokacin haɗuwa da shi kuma ba zai iya sha shi ba.
Tsarin kwanciyar hankali na kwanannan da muke da shi a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata na fitowar CO2 ya bambanta da kwanan nan da saurin methane. A cikin binciken da aka gudanar, kimanin masu bincike 90 daga cibiyoyi 50. Wannan rahoto ne mai cikakken bayani har zuwa yau akan yawan methane a cikin sararin samaniya, nawa ake cire shi daga zagayen kowace shekara, da kuma inda duk hayakin wannan iskar gas ke fitowa.
Rage hayakin methane
Samar da abinci shine ke da alhakin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na hayaƙin methane na ɗan adam. Yarjejeniyar Paris tayi kokarin rage hayakin CO2 wanda ya danganta da ci gaban kowace kasa. Koyaya, ba a tattauna methane kuma yana daga cikin manyan matsaloli Tunda, ta hanyar rage hayakin CO2, zamu iya kokarin ganin kar mu kai ga karuwar digiri 2 a yanayin matsakaicin yanayin duniya, amma, a wannan yanayin, muna da gas din methane, wanda yake kama zafi fiye da CO2.
Idan yawan wannan gas din a iska ya wuce ppb 1.900, rage tasirin hayakin CO2 zai zama sanadin tasiri mai tasiri na CH4. Na tuna cewa halin yanzu yana kan 1.834.
Daga ina ake samun iskar methane mai yawa?
Don kaucewa ƙaruwar digiri biyu a cikin zafin duniya, ba wai kawai za mu rage hayaƙin CO2 ba ne, amma har da hayakin methane. Daga tan miliyan 558 na methane da ake fitarwa kowace shekara, 60,8% saboda ayyukan mutane ne kuma sauran asalin halitta ne (wuraren ruwa, termites, methane ...) Kashi na uku na fitowar hayaki mai zuwa daga dabbobi kuma, musamman, daga tsarin narkar da shanu miliyan 2.500 wanda ya hada da shanu, tumaki da awaki, ke ciyar da rabin bil'adama. Kuma miliyoyin mutane sun dogara da shinkafa don rayuwa. Filayen shinkafa suna da alhakin wani kashi 9% na methane wanda ke kaiwa sararin samaniya kowace shekara.
Akwai wasu hanyoyin asalin ɗan adam, kamar sarrafa shara ko kuma najasa waɗanda suma ke samar da hayaƙin methane kuma ana iya rage su ta amfani da fasaha. Koyaya, rage ɓangaren da aka samar cikin samar da abinci zai iya shafar wadatar abinci da ikon mallaka a yankuna da yawa. A zahiri, kamar yadda wannan binciken ya nuna, kiwo da noma sune biyu daga cikin waɗanda ke da alhakin ƙaruwar hayaƙi a halin yanzu.
Matsalar duk wannan ita ce ƙasashe matalauta, waɗanda ba za su iya rikitar da kansu da wani abu da ya riga ya zama rikitarwa a gare su ba, kamar wadata jama'a da albarkatun abinci. Kodayake methane na barazanar raunana yaki da canjin yanayi, matsalar na iya rikidewa zuwa dama, tunda methane yana ɗaukar shekara 10 ne kawai a sararin samaniya godiya ga kasancewar oxygen.