Hasken rana

lamarin da ya shafi hasken rana

Hasken rana wani muhimmin canjin yanayi ne wanda yake aiki don tantance yawan "zafin" da zamu karɓa daga rana a saman duniya. Ana canza wannan adadin hasken rana ta hanyar canjin yanayi da kuma riƙe iskar gas.

Hasken rana yana iya dumama saman ƙasa da abubuwa (har da namu) ba tare da wahalar iska ba. Bugu da ƙari, wannan canjin yana da mahimmanci don kimanta aikin da muke yi na yaƙi da canjin yanayi. Shin kuna son sanin komai game da hasken rana?

Hasken rana yana wucewa ta sararin samaniya

haskakawa daga rana zuwa duniya

Lokacin da muke kan rairayin bakin teku a ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ranakun zafi, muna kwanciya "ga rana." Yayin da muka daɗe a cikin tawul, za mu lura da yadda jikinmu ke ɗumi da kuma ƙara zafin jikinsa, har sai mun bukaci yin wanka ko shiga inuwa saboda mun ƙone. Me ya faru a nan, idan iska ba ta da zafi haka? Abin da ya faru shi ne haskoki na rana sun ratsa yanayin mu kuma sun ɗumi jikin mu da ɗan dumama iska.

Wani abu makamancin abin da ke faruwa da mu a wannan yanayin shine abin da ke faruwa ga Duniya: Yanayin kusan 'bayyane' ne ga hasken rana, amma saman duniya da sauran jikin da ke kanta suna shaƙar sa. Energyarfin da Rana ta miƙa zuwa duniya shine abin da aka sani da annuri mai kuzari ko jujjuyawa. Radiation yana tafiya ta sararin samaniya a cikin sifar raƙuman ruwa masu ɗauke da kuzari. Ya danganta da yawan kuzarin da suke ɗauka, ana rarraba su tare da hasken wutan lantarki. Muna da raƙuman ruwa masu ƙarfi kamar gamma rays, X-rays da ultraviolet, da kuma waɗanda basu da kuzari kamar infrared, microwave da radiyo.

Duk jiki yana fitar da radiation

radiation dukkan jiki yake fitarwa a matsayin aikin zafin jikinsu

Duk jiki yana fitar da radiation bisa yanayin zafinsu. An bayar da wannan ta Dokar Stefan-Boltzmann wanda ya bayyana cewa kuzarin da jiki yake fitarwa ya yi daidai da na hudu na zafin nata. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa duka Rana, itace mai ƙonawa, jikinmu har ma da wani ɗan kankara suna haskakawa a ci gaba.

Wannan yana kai mu ga yiwa kanmu tambaya: me yasa muke iya "ganin" rawanin da yake fitowa daga rana ko itace mai ƙonawa kuma bamu da ikon ganin wanda muke fitarwa, saman duniya ko yanki na kankara? Kazalika, wannan ya dogara da yawan zafin jikin da kowannensu ya kai, sabili da haka, yawan kuzarin da galibi suke fitarwa. Mafi yawan zafin jiki jikinsu ya kai, mafi girman adadin kuzarin da suke fitarwa a cikin raƙuman ruwa, kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa za su zama bayyane.

Rana tana cikin zafin jiki na 6.000 K kuma tana fitar da jujjuya fitarwa a cikin raƙuman ruwa da ake gani (wanda akafi sani da raƙuman ruwa), hakanan yana fitar da hasken ultraviolet (wanda yake da ƙarin kuzari kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yake ƙona fatar mu cikin dogon bayani) Sauran abin da yake fitarwa shine radiation na infrared wanda ba idon mutum yake ganewa ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba za mu iya fahimtar haskakawar da jikinmu yake fitarwa ba. Jikin mutum yana kimanin digiri 37 a ma'aunin Celsius kuma raunin da yake fitarwa yana cikin infrared.

Ta yaya hasken rana ke aiki

daidaita hasken rana wanda yake shafar saman duniya kuma aka mayar dashi sararin samaniya da kuma kiyaye shi a sararin samaniya

Tabbas sanin cewa jiki yana ci gaba da fitar da iska da kuzari zai kawo wata tambaya ga kanku. Me yasa, idan jikin yana fitar da kuzari da kuma jujjuyawar haske, shin a hankali basa yin sanyi? Amsar wannan tambaya mai sauki ce: yayin da suke fitar da makamashi, suma suna sha shi. Akwai kuma wata doka, wacce ita ce ta daidaitaccen yanayin annuri, wacce ta ce abu yana fitar da adadin kuzari kamar yadda yake sha, shi ya sa suke iya kiyaye zafin jiki na yau da kullun.

Don haka, a cikin tsarin duniyarmu da jerin abubuwa ana aiwatar da su ne wadanda ake samun kuzari, fitarwa da nuna shi, ta yadda daidaitaccen karshe tsakanin radiation din da zai kai saman sararin samaniya daga Rana da abinda ke fita zuwa sararin samaniya babu sifili Watau, matsakaita zafin jiki na shekara shekara yana nan daram. Lokacin da hasken rana ya shiga Duniya, mafi yawansu suna shagaltar da yanayin Duniya ne. Littlean kaɗan daga cikin abin da ya faru radiation ya mamaye girgije da iska. Sauran radiyon yana bayyana ta farfajiyar, gas, gajimare kuma ana mayar dashi zuwa sararin samaniya.

Adadin radiation wanda jiki yake nunawa dangane da raunin da ya faru sananne ne da 'albedo'. Saboda haka, muna iya cewa tsarin-duniya yana da matsakaicin albedo na 30%. Sabon dusar ƙanƙara da ta faɗi ko kuma wasu cumulonimbus masu haɓaka tsaye suna da albedo kusa da 90%, yayin da hamada suna da kusan 25% kuma tekuna kusan 10% (suna karɓar kusan duk ilahirin da ya same su).

Ta yaya muke auna radiation?

wutan lantarki da lantarki

Don auna hasken rana wanda muke karɓa a wani wuri, muna amfani da na'urar da ake kira pyranometer. Wannan ɓangaren yana ƙunshe da firikwensin da ke kewaye a cikin sararin samaniya wanda yake watsa duk wani jujjuyawar ƙaramar zango. Wannan firikwensin yana da bangarori daban-daban na baƙi da fari waɗanda ke karɓar adadin radiation ta wata hanya daban. Bambancin yanayin zafin tsakanin waɗannan sassan an daidaita shi gwargwadon gwargwadon jujjuyawa (an auna shi a cikin watts a kowace murabba'in mita).

Hakanan ana iya samun kimar adadin hasken rana da muke karɓa ta hanyar auna adadin awoyin rana da muke da su. Don yin wannan, muna amfani da kayan aiki da ake kira heliograph. Wannan ya samo asali ne ta hanyar gilashin gilashi wanda yake fuskantar kudu, wanda yake aiki a matsayin babban gilashin kara girman abu, yana mai da hankali ga duk wani jujjuyawar da aka samu a wani yanayi wanda yake kona tef na takarda na musamman wanda aka kammala tare da awanni na yini.

Hasken rana da kuma ƙara tasirin sakamako mai tasiri

greenara tasirin greenhouse yana ƙaruwa adadin radiation wanda yake shaƙa a cikin sararin samaniya kuma yana ƙara yanayin zafi

A baya munyi bayanin cewa yawan hasken rana da yake shiga Duniya da wanda yake fita iri daya ne. Wannan ba gaskiya bane, domin idan haka ne, matsakaiciyar zafin duniya na duniyarmu zata kasance -88 digiri. Muna buƙatar wani abu don taimaka mana riƙe zafi don samun damar samun irin wannan yanayi mai daɗin zama da ke rayuwa wanda ke sa rayuwa ta yiwu a duniya. Wancan ne inda muka gabatar da tasirin greenhouse. Lokacin da hasken rana ya buge saman duniya, yakan dawo kusan rabin baya zuwa sararin samaniya don kore shi zuwa sararin samaniya. To, munyi tsokaci akan cewa gajimare, iska da sauran abubuwan da suke sararin samaniya suna ɗaukar wani ɗan ƙaramin hasken rana. Koyaya, wannan adadin da aka sha bai isa ba don iya kula da tsayayyen zazzabi da kuma sanya duniyarmu ta zama mai zama. Ta yaya za mu iya rayuwa tare da waɗannan yanayin yanayin zafi?

Abubuwan da ake kira gas mai gurɓataccen gas sune waɗancan gas ɗin da ke riƙe da wani ɓangare na zazzabin da fuskar ƙasa ke fitarwa wanda ke komawa sararin samaniya. Gas na gas shine: tururin ruwa, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, methane, da sauransu. Kowane gas na greenhouse yana da ikon daban don shanye hasken rana. Capacityarin ƙarfin da zai sha radiation, ƙarancin zafin zai iya riƙe shi kuma ba zai bashi damar komawa sararin samaniya ba.

yawaitar zafin rana yana haifar da dumamar yanayi da canjin yanayi

A cikin tarihin ɗan adam, yawan gas mai gurɓataccen yanayi (gami da mafi yawan CO2) yana ƙaruwa sosai. Yunƙurin wannan ƙãra ne saboda juyin juya halin masana'antu da ƙona burbushin halittu a masana'antu, makamashi da sufuri. Theonewar burbushin mai kamar mai da kwal, yana haifar da hayaƙin CO2 da methane. Wadannan gas din da ke cikin yawan fitarwa yana sanya su rike adadi mai yawa na hasken rana kuma baya barin a mayar dashi sararin samaniya.

Wannan sananne ne azaman tasirin greenhouse. Koyaya, ƙara wannan tasirin muna kiran greenhouse bata da amfani, tunda abin da muke yi yana ƙaruwa matsakaita yanayin duniya yana ƙara yawaita. Concentrationarin yawan waɗannan iskar gas masu karɓar iska a cikin sararin samaniya, ƙimar zafi za su riƙe kuma, sabili da haka, mafi girman yanayin zai tashi.

Hasken rana da canjin yanayi

An san dumamar yanayi a duniya. Wannan ƙaruwar yanayin zafi saboda tsananin riƙe hasken rana yana haifar da canjin yanayin duniya. Ba wai kawai yana nufin cewa matsakaita yanayin duniya zai ƙaru ba, amma yanayi da duk abin da ya ƙunsa zai canza.

Inara yanayin zafi yana haifar da lalacewa a cikin igiyar ruwa, yawan teku, rarraba nau'ikan halittu, biranen yanayi, ƙaruwa cikin munanan abubuwan da suka faru (kamar fari, ambaliyar ruwa, guguwa ...), da sauransu. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa don sake dawo da daidaitattun haskenmu ta hanyar karko, dole ne mu rage hayaki mai gurɓataccen yanayi da dawo da yanayinmu.


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