Akwai hamada da yawa a duniya. Halittu ne na ƙasa wanda ke karɓar mafi karancin ruwan sama da kuma mafi yawan adadin hasken rana a cikin shekara. Mafi yawansu suna da yanayin zafi sosai, a wasu lokuta suna kai digiri 60 a matakin ƙasa yayin awanni na hasken rana. Koyaya, ba duka ba hamadar duniya da yanayin zafi mai yawa. Akwai kuma wadanda yanayin zafin rana ya mamaye su.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu baku labarin duk halayen hamadar duniya.
Halaye na hamada
Yanayin waɗannan nau'ikan halittu Tana tsakanin 15 da 35 digiri na latitud a kowane yanki. A cikin waɗannan yankuna mun sami yanayin iska wanda ke samar da ƙarancin zafi a cikin mahalli. Yawancin saharar duniya galibi suna da alaƙa da ruwan sama mai ɗanɗano. Waɗannan hazo sune waɗanda ake samu tare da babban tsauni mai tsayi. Lokacin da iskar iska ta tashi a gefen dutse, sai ta huce kuma danshi ya kan tattara, yana haifar da hazo a yanayin ruwan sama. Matsalar ita ce ruwan sama yana haifar da dutsen da kansa kuma yana da kyau cewa ɗayan ɓangaren gangaren yana da ƙananan yanayin zafi kuma a hankali yana ɗumi.
Idan muka lura da jerin tsaunuka mafi girma a duniya, ta yadda a ɓangaren leeward akwai inda akwai hamada saboda yanayin da muka ambata. Yankunan da ke cikin hamada a duniya sune inda akwai matsin lamba na yanayi wanda ke kusan kasancewa cikin shekara. Za mu ga waɗanne ne manyan hamada na duniya da yankuna masu dumi. Hamada Sahara, Hamada ta Australiya da kuma Hamadar Atacama wasu daga cikin mahimman abubuwa.
Nau'i da tsarin halittu na hamadar duniya
Amma a waccan duniyar akwai hamada iri daban-daban dangane da halayen su. Bari muga menene kowannensu:
- Matsakaicin yankin tsakiyar hamada: Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke gefen kishiyar korafin zangon tsaunin Lee yana fama da yanayin fari da yanayin zafi mai yawa saboda gaskiyar saukar ruwa a yankin tsaunin.
- Arewacin Amurka hamada: wadannan hamada suna da yanayin yanayin zafi mai zafi da kuma tsananin sanyi.
- Hamada na bakin teku: su ne waɗanda suke kusa da bakin teku.
- Hamada ta Australiya: Duk wannan yanki yana tsaye don samun matakin iska mai tsayi sosai.
- Sanyi mai sanyi da hamada: waɗannan hamadar sun tsaya tsayin daka don rashin yanayin ƙarancin yanayi da ƙananan matakan halittu masu yawa saboda tsananin yanayin muhalli.
- Sahara mai zafi da zafi-zafi: suna da karami karami saboda yanayin wurare masu zafi yana da yiwuwar samar da yanayi mai kyau don cigaban halittu.
Tsarin hamada sune wadanda yawancin matakan rashin ruwa suka mamaye, suna haifar da mummunan yanayin muhalli. Wasu hamada, kamar su Sahara, kusan basa samun ruwan sama kusan shekara. Wannan yasa siffofin rayuwa da aka samo a waɗannan wuraren kusan babu komai. A wasu lokuta, muna da hamada da ke samun ruwan sama, amma ba su da yawa. A yadda aka saba, waɗannan hawan yawanci galibi suna tare da guguwa.
Hamada da ke da ɗan ruwan sama da alama suna da ɗan matakin ɗabi'a mai yawa. Misalan da za'a iya samu sune shrubs masu jure fari, cacti da sauran shuke-shuke mallakar ƙungiyar masu nasara. An gabatar da murtsuntsatsiniya a cikin fasasshen fasali kuma ya ba shi damar faɗaɗa lokacin da yake shan ruwa yayin lokutan ruwan sama. Kari kan haka, idan akwai ruwan sama, shuke-shuke na shekara-shekara suna fure a hanya mafi karfi.
Game da dabbobi, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kwari sun nuna karbuwa sosai ga muhallin. Mafi yawansu suna da halaye na dare don gujewa tsananin zafin rana. Hakanan akwai wasu da ke aiki yayin watanni mai sanyaya. Akwai wasu tsarukan halittu wadanda ake samu a tsawan tsauni da kuma kan latti wadanda ke haifar musu da fuskantar yanayin zafin jiki a lokacin sanyi. Anan muna da hamada na Nevada da Utah waɗanda yawanci dusar ƙanƙara ke kaiwa.
Yanayi a hamadar duniya
Za mu ga menene dalilan da yasa akwai babban yanayin zafin jiki da kuma rashin ruwan sama a wadannan wurare. Yankuna masu bushe yawanci galibi suna cikin yankunan matsin lamba wanda ke aiki azaman iyakokin yanayi tsakanin yanayin wurare masu zafi da yanayi. A cikin waɗannan yankuna motsi na iska yana wanzuwa a farfajiya zuwa kishiyar sashin ƙananan wuraren matsin lamba. Wannan iska yana tallafawa da sauran iska wanda ke sauka ta matakai mafi girma a matsayin wani bangare na yaduwar kwayar Hadley gaba daya.
Iskar da ke busawa a hamadar duniya an santa da zafi da bushewa. A matakin ƙasa, akwai jujjuyawar yanayin zafin jiki wanda ke haifar da yankuna na tsakiya na matsin lamba wanda zai iya kasancewa da rashi na maza da ƙananan hazo. A gefe guda, muna da hannun mutum wanda ke haifar da wasu yankuna inda akwai albarkatu masu yawa ko don gandun daji don haifar da mummunan sakamako wanda ke haifar da hamada. Hamada ita ce ɗayan tasirin muhalli da ke haifar da asarar ƙasa mai ni'ima a duk duniya da kuma raguwa mai yawa a cikin halittu masu yawa.
Wani dalili da yasa waɗannan mummunan yanayin suke wanzu a cikin yanayin hamada. Ta hanyar samun yankunan ƙananan matsi a matakin ƙasa waɗanda ake samun su ta yanayin zafi da rana da sararin samaniya, akwai wuraren da masu auna zafin jiki suka tashi zuwa ƙimar digiri 40 zuwa sama.
Falo
Ofasashen hamada na duniya suna nuna ƙarancin lalacewa da hawaye kuma ba su ƙunshi wani humus. Yana da yashi mai yashi kuma a cikin wasu daga cikinsu ana iya lura dashi a cikin haɓakar tsiro. Wannan ci gaban yana samar da tarin tarkace a saman ƙasa da kuma tushen abinci ga fauna. Rashin tace ruwa da kuma yanayin sinadarai yasa basu da amfani sosai.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da hamada ta duniya da halayen su.