Guguwa yana nufin wani yanki a tsakiyar Amurka inda mahaukaciyar guguwa ke yawan faruwa. A yankin, mahaukaciyar guguwa tana faruwa ne a lokacin da danshi mai iska daga mashigin tekun Mexico ya hadu da sanyi, busasshiyar iska daga Kanada. Kodayake yankin da aka kwatanta da Tornado Alley ba shi da takamaiman iyakoki, ya haɗa da Great Plains jihohin Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa, Nebraska, da South Dakota. Sauran jihohin da a wasu lokuta ana haɗa su a cikin yankin da ake fama da guguwa sun haɗa da Ohio, North Dakota, Arkansas, Montana, da Indiana, da sauransu. Ko da yake yankin yana fuskantar guguwa a duk shekara, yawancin suna faruwa a lokacin rani da bazara kuma galibi suna tare da tsawa.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da guguwar Alley, menene illar da suke da shi da kuma wasu manyan halaye game da guguwar.
Menene guguwar iska
A babban hadari ne taro na iska da cewa samar da high angular gudu. Locatedarshen guguwa yana tsakanin saman duniya da gajimaren cumulonimbus. Al'amari ne na yanayi mai iska tare da yawan kuzari, kodayake galibi suna ɗaukar ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Mahaukaciyar guguwar da aka kafa na iya samun girma da siffofi daban-daban da kuma lokacin da yawanci suke zagayawa tsakanin secondsan daƙiƙu da fiye da awa ɗaya. Mafi sanannun ilimin halittar guguwa shine gajimare girgije, wanda matsattsan ƙarshen sa ya taɓa ƙasa kuma galibi girgije ne ke zagaye shi yana jan duk ƙura da tarkace kewaye da shi.
Saurin da mahaukaciyar guguwa za ta iya kaiwa tsakanin 65 da 180 km / h kuma suna iya fadada mita 75. Mahaukaciyar iska ba ta tsayawa a inda ta kafa, sai dai ta tsallaka yankin. Suna yawan tafiya har zuwa kilomita da yawa kafin su bace.
Mafi matsananci na iya samun iska tare da saurin da zai iya juyawa a 450 km / h ko fiye, auna har zuwa kilomita 2 faɗi kuma ci gaba da taɓa ƙasa don fiye da kilomita 100 na hanya.
Yadda guguwa ta kasance
Tornadoes ana haifuwa daga tsawa kuma galibi ana tare da ƙanƙara. Don mahaukaciyar guguwa zata kasance, yanayin canje-canje a cikin shugabanci da saurin hadari, ƙirƙirar tasirin juyawa a kwance. Lokacin da wannan tasirin ya faru, ana ƙirƙirar mazugi na tsaye wanda iska ke tashi da juyawa cikin guguwar.
Abunda ya shafi yanayin yanayi wanda ke haifar da bayyanar guguwa yana yin aiki sosai da rana fiye da daddare (musamman da yamma) da kuma lokacin shekarar bazara da kaka. Wannan yana nufin cewa mahaukaciyar guguwa tana iya kamuwa da bazara da faduwa kuma da rana, ma'ana, sun fi yawa a waɗannan lokutan. Koyaya, mahaukaciyar iska na iya faruwa a kowane lokaci na rana kuma a kowace ranar shekara.
Inda iskar guguwa take
Yankuna da yawa na Amurka suna fuskantar guguwa, gami da Tekun Fasha, Filayen Kudu, Babban Midwest, da Filayen Arewa. Koyaya, kusan kowace jiha ta fuskanci mahaukaciyar guguwa, kodayake guguwa ta yawaita tsakanin tsaunin Appalachian da tsaunin Rocky a tsakiyar Amurka. Kyaftin Robert Miller da Manjo Ernest Fabush ne suka kirkiro kalmar "tornado corridor", wadanda suka shigar da ita cikin wani aikin bincike na 1952 wanda ke nazarin yanayi mai tsanani a Oklahoma da Texas.
Kodayake kalmar tana nufin wani yanki a tsakiyar Amurka inda guguwar ruwa ke yawaita, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Kasa ba ta sanya masa ma'anar hukuma ba. Saboda haka, wurare da yankuna daban-daban ana haɗa su koyaushe a cikin Tornado Alley.
Kodayake iyakokin Tornado Alley sun bambanta ta asali, ya ƙunshi Manyan Plains na Louisiana, Texas, Iowa, Kansas, South Dakota, Oklahoma, da Nebraska. Wasu kafofin sun haɗa da jihohi kamar Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, yammacin Ohio, da Minnesota a zaman wani ɓangare na Tornado Alley. Tornado Alley kuma ana iya ayyana shi azaman yanki mafi yawan guguwa. Wasu majiyoyi kuma suna nuna cewa akwai tudun ruwa da yawa ban da yankin daga Texas zuwa Kansas. Waɗannan lungunan na iya haɗawa da Upper Midwest, Lower Mississippi, Tennessee, da kwarin Ohio.
Inda guguwar Alley ta fi yawaita
Guguwar guguwa ta zama ruwan dare a Amurka saboda yanayin zafi. Guguwa za ta iya tashi a ko'ina a cikin ƙasar da ko'ina cikin Arewacin Amirka, kuma Amurka tana fuskantar kamar guguwa mai tsanani 1200 kowace shekara. Duk da haka, Tornado Alley yana daya daga cikin wuraren da guguwar ta fi shafa saboda galibin yanayin da ake bukata domin guguwar ta afku a yankin.
Wani ɓangare na Babban Filaye, yankin yana da faɗi da bushewa, yana mai da shi wuri mai kyau don fafatawa a gasa na iska don saduwa. Iska mai dumi da ke tashi daga Tekun Mexico tana saduwa da sanyi, busasshiyar iska daga tsaunin Rocky. Lokacin da wadannan masu fafatawa a iska suka hadu, sanyi, busasshiyar iska tana nutsewa da dumi, iska mai ɗanɗano, haifar da mummunar guguwa.
mitar hadari
Texas ta fuskanci mafi yawan guguwa saboda girmanta da wurin da take a kudu mai nisa na yankin. Koyaya, Kansas ya ba da rahoton mafi yawan wuraren hadari a cikin 2007, sannan Oklahoma. Kodayake Florida ta ba da rahoton guguwar iska mai yawa a cikin 2013, guguwar ba ta yi karfi ba kamar filayen kudu. Florida ta sami matsakaitan guguwa 12,2 a cikin murabba'in murabba'in mil 10.000 a kowace shekara tsakanin 1991 da 2010, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama jiha mafi yawan guguwa a kowane yanki a wannan lokacin, sai Kansas (11,7) da Maryland (9,9). Texas ta yi rikodin guguwa 5,9 a kowace yanki a kowace shekara a daidai wannan lokacin.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da guguwar Alley da halayenta.