El glacierism an san shi da jerin abubuwan da suka shafi glaciers. A nasu bangaren, dusar kankarar dusar ƙanƙara ce da ke taruwa a wurare masu tsaunuka da dusar ƙanƙara ta cika da su, wanda ɓangarensa yana zamewa a hankali kamar kogi. Gilashin dusar ƙanƙara suna da matuƙar mahimmanci don nazarin yanayin ƙasa na kwaruruka da tsaunuka.
Saboda haka, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da glacierism da glaciers.
Menene glacierism
Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa glacialism galibi ana amfani dashi azaman ma'anar glaciation. Dukansu ra'ayoyi na iya nufin ƙirƙirar glaciers da kutsawar kankara waɗanda suka faru a manyan yankuna da yawa a baya.
Musamman, glaciation, wani dogon lokaci mai tsawo a lokacin da yanayin zafi na duniya ya ragu, yana haifar da glaciers da zanen kankara da ke shawagi a cikin tekun polar. A wannan yanayin, dole ne mu yi magana game da lokuta daban-daban na glacial, wanda na baya-bayan nan shine ake kira Würm, wanda. ya fara shekaru 110.000 da suka wuce kuma ya kai kusan shekaru miliyan.
A matsayin gaskiya mai ban sha'awa, dole ne mu nuna cewa, bisa ga hanyar da aka bayyana ra'ayi ta hanyar reshe na ilimin geography na jiki wanda aka sani da glaciology, daya daga cikin manyan halayensa shine kasancewar zanen kankara a cikin duka hemispheres (kudu da Arewa). . Idan haka ne, har yanzu muna cikin zamanin ƙanƙara a yau, kamar yadda Antarctica da Greenland duka suna da iyakoki.
menene glaciers
An yi imanin cewa dusar ƙanƙara ce ragowar zamanin ƙanƙara na ƙarshe. A wancan lokacin, matsanancin yanayin zafi ya tilastawa ƙanƙara kwarara zuwa ƙananan latitudes inda yanayin yanzu ke ɗumamawa. A yau muna iya samun nau'ikan glaciers iri-iri a cikin tsaunukan nahiyoyin duniya ban da Ostiraliya da wasu tsibiran teku. Tsakanin latitudes 35°N da 35°S, glaciers Ana iya ganin su kawai a tsaunin Rocky, Andes, Himalayas, New Guinea, Mexico, Gabashin Afirka, da Dutsen Zad Kuh. (Iran).
Gilashin kankara sun mamaye kusan kashi 10 na duk fadin duniya. Yawancin lokaci ana samun su a yankuna masu tsayi saboda yanayin muhalli yana da kyau a gare shi. Wato yanayin zafi yana da ƙasa kuma hazo yana da girma. Mun san wani nau'in hazo mai suna hazo, wanda ke faruwa idan iska ta tashi kuma a karshe ta taso. Ruwan sama ya fado a saman dutse. Idan zafin jiki ya tsaya ƙasa da digiri 0, wannan hazo zai bayyana a matsayin dusar ƙanƙara kuma a ƙarshe zai daidaita har sai glacier ya fito.
Gilashin da ake samu a manyan tsaunuka da yankuna na iyakacin duniya suna da sunaye daban-daban. Wadanda suka bayyana a cikin manyan tsaunuka ana kiransu glaciers masu tsayi, yayin da glaciers polar ana kiransu kankara. A lokacin dumi, wasu suna saki ruwan narke saboda dusar ƙanƙara, suna haifar da muhimman jikunan ruwa ga flora da fauna. Har ila yau, yana da matukar amfani ga mutane kamar yadda ake samar da wannan ruwa ga mutane. Ita ce tafki mafi girma a duniya, mai dauke da kashi uku cikin hudu na duk ruwan da ake bukata.
Gilashi an yi shi da sassa daban-daban.
- Yankin tarawa. Shine yanki mafi girma inda dusar ƙanƙara take sauka kuma ta taru.
- Yankin zubar da ciki. A wannan yankin hanyoyin fushin da danshi suna gudana. A nan ne dusar kankara ta kai daidaito tsakanin ƙaruwa da asarar taro.
- Tsaguwa. Su ne wuraren da kankara ke gudana da sauri.
- Moraines. Waɗannan waƙoƙin duhu ne waɗanda aka kafa ta abubuwan ɗorawa waɗanda ke samarwa a gefuna da saman. Ana adana duwatsun da gilashin ya ja a cikin waɗannan wuraren.
- Tasha. Yana da ƙarshen ƙarshen kankara inda tarin dusar ƙanƙara ya narke.
embossed siffar
Hakanan ana amfani da manufar glacialism sau da yawa don komawa ga tsarin ƙirar taimako bisa ga faɗuwar zafin jiki, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar glaciers. Ta wannan hanyar, idan aka yi rikodin ci gaba da raguwar zafin jiki a wani yanki, ana samun dusar ƙanƙara: glaciation yana faruwa.
Saboda haka, glaciation ne sakamakon yanayi. Misali, idan dusar ƙanƙara ta yi girma, yana girma saboda gudummawar ƙanƙara daga ruwan daskarewa, dusar ƙanƙara, da dusar ƙanƙara. Glaciers, a bi da bi, suna rasa yawan jama'a ta hanyar rabuwa da ƙafewar dusar ƙanƙara. Bambanci tsakanin asarar taro da riba mai yawa ana kiransa ma'aunin glacial.
Glaciarism a cikin Quaternary
Ko da yake muna iya samun shaidar glaciation a lokuta daban-daban na geological, abin da ake kira Quaternary glaciation shine wanda ya fi tayar da hankali ga masu bincike saboda ana iya lura da gadonsa a cikin yanayin da ake ciki yanzu. A kowane hali, yana da kyau a fayyace cewa an ba da wannan sunan ga Pleistocene kuma kada a dame shi da Holocene.
Glaciations Pleistocene ya faru ne a sakamakon nau'ikan sanyi daban-daban ko glaciations na Quaternary, waɗanda sune masu zuwa: Gunz, Mindel, Riss da Würm. A kwanakin nan, abin al'ada shine yarda da wani abu, wanda ake kira Donan, wanda zai kasance kafin sauran hudu.
Ganin duk wannan, a cikin Iberian Peninsula, yankin glacier ya haɗa da adadi mai yawa na kololuwa. Shaida kawai da ta dace na aikin glacial na Quaternary wanda muka samu a cikin Iberian Cordillera shine massif da ake kira Moncayo: Castilla, wanda kuma aka sani da Peña Negra, Lobera da Moncayo, tare da haɓakar 2118 m da 2226 m bi da bi da 2316 m. A kudu maso gabas yana gabatar da ƙananan kololuwa kamar Saliyo del Taranzo da Saliyo del Tablado.
Dumamar yanayi
Wannan kusancin da ke tsakanin glaciers da yanayi ya sa dusar ƙanƙara ta zama batun sha'awar masana kimiyya da masu kiyayewa. A wannan ma'ana, dumamar yanayi yana shafar glaciation kuma yana haɓaka ja da baya da bacewar glaciers. Shi ya sa yunƙurin rage jinkirin sauyin yanayi ke da mahimmanci ga duniyar.
Kamar yadda kake gani, a cikin glacialism ya zama mahimmanci a cikin nazarin ilimin geology na kwari da tsaunuka. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da glacierism da halayensa.