Lokacin da aman wuta ya tashi suna yin haka ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Akwai wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da fashewar abubuwa daban-daban da sakamako daban-daban. A wannan yanayin, za mu mai da hankali kan nau'in fashewar strombolian. Dutsen Dutsen La Palma yana da a fashewar strombolian. Menene wannan yake nufi?
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da fashewar Strombolia, halaye, asalinsa da sakamakonsa.
Menene fashewar strombolian
Fashewar Strombolian wani fashewar fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta wanda ke musanya tsakanin aiki mai tsanani da kwanciyar hankali. Yana da yanayin fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta a cikin Canary Islands, kamar dutsen mai aman wuta a tsibirin La Palma, wanda ya ɗauki sunansa daga dutsen mai aman wuta na Stromboli a kan ƙananan tsibiran Aeolian kusa da Sicily, Italiya.
Fashewar fashewar Strombolia na faruwa ne ta hanyar tarin iskar gas da magma da kanta ke fitarwa yayin da take hawa. Dutsen mai aman wuta na Strombolian yana watsa iskar gas, toka, lava, da bama-bamai masu aman wuta da karfi da ya kai ga harba dutsen mai aman wuta mai tsayin kilomita da yawa.
Matsalolin magma a cikin waɗannan fashewar yawanci yana kusa da digiri dubu Celsius.
Nau'in fashewar fashewar abubuwa
Mafarin mu shine dutsen mai aman wuta wani tsari ne mai sarkakiya wanda ke farawa a cikin duniya, inda magma ke samuwa a cikin rigar, ya ci gaba da tashi ta cikin ɓawon burodi, kuma ana fitar da shi a waje. Magma cakude ne na narkakkar dutse, iskar gas, da ruwaye masu tasowa a cikin duniya. Lokacin da magma ya isa saman, sunansa ya zama lava. Ba duk magma iri daya bane, don haka, lava daga dutsen mai aman wuta ba iri daya bane.
Fashewar tsaunuka na da matakan fashewa daban-daban. A haƙiƙa, masu binciken volcano suna amfani da ma'auni mai suna Volcanic Explosivity Index (VIE) don auna ƙarfin dutsen mai aman wuta. Akwai octaves a cikin wannan sikelin.
A cikin duk fashewar fashewar, iskar gas da pyroclastics ana fitarwa da ƙarfi cikin yanayi, amma a cikin wannan rukunin, wasu sun fi wasu tashin hankali. Strombolians su ne mafi ƙarancin fashewar fashewar fashewar lokacin da muka yi la'akari da cewa za su iya haifar da mummunar fashewa, kamar na Krakatoa volcano a 1883, wanda ya lalata tsibirin Indonesiya mai suna iri ɗaya.
Sauran fashewar fashewar abubuwa sune:
- Vulcan: wannan abu ya fi danko fiye da fashewar Strombolia, don haka ƙarin matsin lamba yana ƙaruwa a cikin ɗakin magma yayin da magma ke tashi.
- Peleana: wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarin ɗanɗano abubuwa fiye da fashewar Strombolian, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙazamar toka mai haske ko kwararar pyroclastic da samuwar lava domes da cones pumice.
- Plinian: Suna da fashewa sosai, tare da bayyanar tashin hankali, korar manyan iskar gas mai aman wuta, tarkace da toka daga magma tare da abun da ke tattare da acid. Tushen wutar lantarki da yake fitarwa suna da guba sosai kuma lava yana da wadatar silicates. An karɓi sunanta don girmama Pliny the Elder, wanda ya mutu a AD 79. C. lokacin da Dutsen Vesuvius ya fashe kuma ya binne Pompeii. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka kwatanta irin wannan fashewar kuma ɗan ɗan’uwan Pliny Babban Pliny ƙarami ne ya yi.
Rash Risks na Strombolian
Akwai nau'ikan fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta daban-daban, ya danganta da fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta da kwararar lava.
Halin dutsen mai aman wuta na Strombolian shine fashewar ba ta wuce lokaci ba, gabaɗaya ba ta da ƙarfi sosai, kuma lava ba ta ci gaba da fashewa. Volcanoes suna sakin kayan pyroclastic (cakude mai zafi na iskar gas, toka, da gutsuttsuran dutse) daga fashewar saman duniya. Tsawon lokacinsa na iya bambanta daga ƴan makonni zuwa watanni da yawa.
Dutsen mai aman wuta na Strombolian yawanci yakan kai tsayin daka har zuwa mita 1.000 kuma yana watsa sama da mita 10.000 na abu. Baya ga strombolian, masana sun bambanta wasu nau'ikan fashewa guda biyar. Ayyukan volcanic mafi ƙarancin haɗari shine dutsen dutsen na Hawaii, wanda ke da ɗan ƙaramin abu mai pyroclastic, da wuya wani fashewa, kuma lava yana da ruwa sosai. Na biyu kuma shi ne vulcanian, yana watsa manyan gajimare na kayan pyroclastic da kuma yawan toka mai aman wuta.
Fashewar Plinian, a gefe guda, yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki (kuma mai ban tsoro), tare da fashe-fashe masu tsananin tashin hankali, toka mai yawa da ɗimbin lava mai ɗaɗi. Magma na iya ruguje saman tsaunuka kuma ya haifar da ramuka. A gefe guda kuma, waɗannan lafazin nau'in Peleano sun karu cikin sauri, suna samar da filogi a cikin ramin. A ƙarshe, fashewar ruwa yana faruwa saboda hulɗar magma da ruwa.
al'amura masu zurfi
Fashe guda ɗaya yawanci yana fitar da juzu'i na pyroclastic jere daga 0,01 zuwa 50 cubic meters. a m fitarwa gudun jere daga 104 zuwa 106 kg/s. Lokacin da aikin fashewa ya tsawaita, kayan da ke da kauri a cikin yankin da ke kusa yakan samar da mazugi na cinder wanda zai iya kaiwa tsayin mita dari da yawa. Ana iya ganin lava spatter, ajiyar bam da tubalan sau da yawa a kusa da bututu da ajiyar toka a wurare masu nisa na tsaka-tsaki.
Saboda sauye-sauye na wucin gadi a cikin yanayin fashewa da kuma sauye-sauye a cikin tarwatsawar toka mai aman wuta, mambobi na kusa da na nesa na ma'ajiyar Cascade na iya nuna ma'anar gadon gado, tare da tsaka-tsakin toka da dutse. yayin da abubuwan da ke fitowa suna nuna kumfa gas da canje-canje a cikin crystallinity.
Tsuntsaye na Strombolian na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda basaltic magma ya ciyar da su, irin wanda aka gani a dutsen Llaima a watan Mayu 1994, ya zubar da toka mai kyau don samar da nau'i na pyroclastic wanda ya ƙunshi baƙar fata ash da angular morphologies, gilashi, plagioclase crystals, olivine, da oxides na ƙarfe titanium.
A matsayin misali na fashewar Stromboli wanda ya ci gaba da haifar da cinder cones a tsawon lokaci. wani lamari mai kyan gani kuma mai inganci a Kudancin Amirka shine fashewar Kirsimeti na 1988-89. Akwai masana kimiyya da suka yi nazari da yawa game da juyin halitta na fashewar zagayowar da halaye na kayan da aka fitar, na karshen yayi dai-dai da: 1) ash mai aman wuta wanda ya kunshi galibi na scoria mara ka'ida tare da karancin lu'ulu'u; 2) subspherical zuwa wanda ba na ka'ida ba 3) Bombas har ma da awo, fadada kusa (<2km) zuwa bututun, tare da fusiform, daɗaɗɗen sassa, lanƙwasa, da na yau da kullun kuma ba a kwance ba; 4) Akwai 'yan ƙalilan na haɗari da ƙaƙƙarfan tubalan halaye.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da fashewar Strombolia da halayensa.