Idan mukayi magana game da kololuwa mafi girma a duniya yana da sauki mu tuna sunan Everest. Wuri ne da yake aiki ba wai kawai a matsayin ishara zuwa ga mafi girman matsayi a duniya ba, har ma a matsayin taron ganawa da kuma buɗaɗɗiyar wuri ga duk waɗancan masu hawa da masoyan yanayi. Dukan tsaunin tsaunin inda Everest yake ana kiran sa da Himalaya. Na ado yana da sunaye daban-daban dangane da yankin da muke. Ga mutanen Nepal suna Sagarmāthā, Sinawa sun san shi kamar yadda Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng da Tibetans suka sanya masa suna Chomolungma.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk halaye, asali da muhimmancin Everest.
Babban fasali
Kodayake ana sanya adadi, akwai ɗan rikicewa game da ainihin tsayin wannan ƙwanƙolin. Abin da yake gaskiya kuma an san shi tabbatacce shine cewa shine mafi girman wuri a duniyar mu. Koyaya, ba shine mafi girma ko mafi girma duka ba, tunda zamu iya yin la'akari da tsaunukan teku ta tsayinsu. Misali, Mauna Kea dutse ne mai aman wuta cewa tana da tsawo sama da mita 10000 daga tushe kuma tana kan bakin teku.
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, ƙwanƙolin Everest wani ɓangare ne na Himalayas kuma yana yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya, tsakanin ƙasashen Indiya da sauran Asiya. Tana zuwa tsayin mita 8.850 sama da matakin teku da murfin kimanin yankin murabba'in kilomita 594,400. Akwai mutanen da suka yi kama da wannan tsaunin tsauni zuwa dala tare da fuskoki 3. Iskar da ke cikin mafi girman ɓangaren wannan tsaunin ba shi da isashshen oxygen tunda yana cikin iyakokin zangon sararin samaniya. Kari kan haka, ya zama kalubale ga duk masu hawa hawa, tunda yankin yana yawan fuskantar iska mai karfi kuma yana tare da yanayin daskarewa.
Taron ba wani abu bane face tsaunukan dutse da ke kewaye da dusar ƙanƙara mai tsananin gaske wanda ke kewaye da wani sanyin dusar ƙanƙara wanda za'a iya rage ko ƙaruwa tsawon shekaru. Duk wannan ya dogara da yanayin zafi da yanayin zagaye na ƙyalƙyali. Idan adadin tarin dusar ƙanƙara ya fi na abrasion girma, kankara zai ci gaba da girma. Mun san cewa a cikin watan Satumba na ƙarshen ya ɗan fi na watan Mayu girma. Wannan ya yi daidai da abin da muka ambata game da yanayin zagaye na kankara.
Everest yanayi
Hakanan zafin jiki wani abu ne wanda ba adadi bane. Yawanci yakan bambanta da yanayi. A farkon shekara zasu iya kaiwa isa yanayin zafi na digiri -36, yayin da lokacin rani ya kai -19 digiri.
A lokacin damina, wanda ke tsakanin watannin Yuni zuwa Satumba, guguwa mai ƙarfi tana faruwa tare da iska har zuwa 285 km / h. Ya kamata kuma a ambaci cewa a wannan lokacin matsin yanayi yana ƙasa da 30% ƙasa da na matakin teku. Waɗannan ɗayan canjin yanayi ne wanda kuma ya shafi dukkan masu hawa dutsen yayin da suka kusanci taron.
An mitoci da ke ƙasa da wannan taron shi ne yankin da aka sani da "yankin mutuwa". Wannan suna ya samo asali ne saboda rashin isashshen oxygen da yanayin zafi sosai a yankin ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar masu hawa tsaunuka da dama.
Idan muka binciko bayanan martabar yankin a tsayi, zamu ga cewa yawan zafin jiki yana raguwa yayin da muke ci gaba a tsawo. Hakanan gaskiya ne don matsin yanayi. Saboda haka, Lokacin da muka kai ga mafi girman yadudduka na Himalayas muna da ƙarancin yanayin zafi da ƙananan matsi. Waɗannan yanayi na mahalli suna sa dusar ƙanƙara da kankara su ƙaru. A gefe guda, yayin da muke sauka a wuri mai tsayi, duka zafin jiki, matsin yana ƙaruwa kuma adadin dusar ƙanƙara yana raguwa. Wannan shine yadda zamu iya hango dutsen da aka kafa tsaunin tsauni dashi.
Halittar Everest
Everest ta ƙunshi dunƙulen mayafai da yawa da ke kusa da dusar kankara da dusar kankara waɗanda kusan dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara ke rufe su har abada, musamman a cikin manya-manyan layuka. An yi amfani da waɗannan duwatsu a cikin shekaru da yawa. Yin magana game da samuwar wannan ƙwanƙolin ya sa ya zama dole muyi magana game da samfuran Himalayas. Muna komawa baya a lokacin marigayi Paleozoic da farkon Mesozoic, inda babban nahiyar da aka sani da Pangea shine kawai yanki na fili a duk duniya.
Kimanin shekaru miliyan 180 da suka gabata saman wannan nahiya ya fara gutsurewa ne sakamakon motsin cikin duniya. Manya-manyan manyan filaye guda biyu sun bayyana waɗanda aka kira su Laurasia da Gondwana. Daga wannan hangen nesan, zamu ga yadda ƙasashen Indiya suka rabu da Asiya. Ya fara motsawa zuwa arewa har sai da yaci karo da Asiya kuma ya haifar da annobar Indica. Nitsar da kwaro daya a karkashin dayan ya samo asali ne saboda bambancin matsin lamba da zafin jiki saboda haka ya sa dunkulen duniya ya lankwasa ya samar da tsaunin tsaunin Himalayan. Mun san Everest Yana da kimanin shekaru miliyan 60.
Flora da fauna
Ba wai kawai jan hankali ne ga masu hawan dutse da masu haɗari ba, amma har ma da babban shimfiɗar jariri. Tunda a cikin mafi girman ɓangaren Everest akwai raguwar zazzabi da matsin lamba na yanayi, an hana masaukin yawancin dabbobi da tsirrai. Wasu dabbobin ne kawai ke iya tsayawa a saman amma tare da iyakokin gaske. Misalin wannan shi ne jirgin ruwa. Dabbobi ne waɗanda ke da manyan huhu waɗanda ke ba su damar rayuwa a wuraren da ya kai mita 6.000 na tsawo. A gefe guda, akwai wasu nau'in tsuntsaye kamar su akwatin jan-kaya wanda zai iya tashi zuwa tsayin mita 8.000.
Wasu daga dabbobin da zasu iya rayuwa a wadannan wurare sune Pandas ja, da belar Himalayan, damisar dusar ƙanƙara, wasu nau'in gizo-gizo, ungulu da wasu pikas. Latterarshen na zuwa ne kawai don neman mafaka a kan tsaunuka a wasu lokuta na shekara.
Dangane da fure, ba shi da bambanci sosai zuwa aya a kan wasu duwatsu muna iya ganin gansakuka, kodayake daga mita 4876 a tsayi, za ku iya samun wasu lasisi da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke samar da matashi. Sama da mita 5600 na tsayi babu ciyayi kwata-kwata.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Everest da halayenta.