A cikin labaran da suka gabata munyi magana game da duk halayen tsarin hasken rana. A wannan yanayin, za mu mai da hankali kan duniyar Jupiter. Ita ce duniya ta biyar mafi nisa daga Rana kuma mafi girma a cikin dukkanin tsarin rana. A cikin tatsuniyoyin Roman an kira shi sarkin alloli. Ba wani abu bane kuma ba kasa da sau 1.400 wanda ya fi Duniya girma. Koyaya, yawanta kusan sau 318 ne kawai na Duniya, tunda yana da asali gas.
Shin kana son sanin duk abin da ya shafi duniyar Jupiter? A cikin wannan sakon zamu bincika shi a cikin zurfin. Yakamata ku ci gaba da karatu 🙂
Halayen Jupiter
Yawan Jupiter ya kai kusan kwata girman duniyarmu. Koyaya, cikin ciki yawanci an haɗu dashi gas din hydrogen, helium da argon. Ba kamar Duniya ba, babu wani bambanci tsakanin sararin samaniya da kuma yanayi. Wannan saboda gas da ke sararin samaniya sannu a hankali ya zama ruwa.
Hydrogen yana da matse sosai har yana cikin yanayin ruwa mai ƙarfe. Wannan baya faruwa a duniyarmu. Saboda nisa da wahalar nazarin cikin duniyar wannan duniyar tamu, har yanzu ba a san me cibiya ta kunsa ba. An yi tsammani na kayan duwatsu a cikin hanyar kankara, saboda yanayin yanayin ƙarancin yanayi.
Game da mahimmancin sa, Juyin juya hali sau ɗaya a cikin Rana kowace shekara 11,9 na duniya. Saboda nesa da kewayar da ta daɗe tana ɗaukar tsawon rana kafin mu zagaya duniyarmu. Tana nan a tazarar nisa na kilomita miliyan 778. Duniya da Jupiter suna da lokutan da suke matsawa kusa da juna. Wannan saboda yanayin kewayawar su ba duk shekarunsu daya bane. Kowace shekara 47, tazarar da ke tsakanin duniyoyin suna bambanta.
Mafi karancin tazara tsakanin duniyoyin biyu shine kilomita miliyan 590. Wannan tazarar ta faru ne a shekarar 2013. Duk da haka, ana iya samun wadannan taurarin a mafi girman tazarar kilomita miliyan 676.
Yanayi da kuma kuzarin kawo cikas
Jupiter's diamita mai fadin kilomita 142.800. Yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 9 da minti 50 kawai don kunna layin sa. Wannan juyawar cikin sauri da kusan dukkan abin da yake cikin hydrogen da helium suna haifar da dutsen mai kwatankwacin wanda ake gani lokacin da ake hango duniyar ta na'urar hangen nesa. Juyawa baya yayi daidai kuma ana iya ganin irin wannan tasirin a cikin Rana.
Yanayinta yana da zurfin gaske. Ana iya cewa tana lulluɓe duniya gabaɗaya daga ciki zuwa waje. Tana kama da rana.Wannan an haɗa ta ne da hydrogen da helium tare da wasu ƙananan methane, ammonia, tururin ruwa, da sauran mahaɗan. Idan muka shiga cikin zurfin Jupiter, matsin yana da yawa ta yadda kwayoyin hydrogen suke karyewa, suna sakin electron dinsu. Wannan yana faruwa ta irin wannan hanyar da atomatik masu haifar da ita suke da proton kawai.
Wannan shine yadda aka sami sabon yanayin hydrogen, wanda ake kira metallic hydrogen. Babban halayyar sa shine cewa tana da halaye iri ɗaya kamar kayan aikin ruwa mai isar da lantarki.
Tasirinta yana bayyana a cikin wasu launuka masu tsawo, gajimare da hadari. Tsarin girgije yana canzawa cikin awanni ko kwanaki. Wadannan ratsi an fi yaba su saboda launukan pastel na gajimare. Ana ganin waɗannan launuka a ciki Babban Jan Jupiter. Wataƙila alama ce mafi shahara a wannan duniyar tamu. Kuma hadadden hadadden yanayi ne mai dauke da launuka masu launuka daga tubalin ja zuwa ruwan hoda. Yana motsawa a hankali kai tsaye kuma ya daɗe yana aiki.
Abun haɗuwa, tsari da filin maganaɗisu
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, abubuwan hangen nesa daga Duniya sun nuna cewa mafi yawan yanayin Jupiter ya samu ne da sunadarin hydrogen. Nazarin infrared ya nuna hakan 87% shine hydrogen da sauran 13% helium.
Iyakar abin da aka lura ya bamu damar fahimtar cewa dole ne cikin cikin duniya ya kasance yana da mahallin yanayi guda ɗaya. Wannan babbar duniyar tamu ta kunshi abubuwa biyu mafi sauki kuma mafi yawa a sararin samaniya. Wannan yasa yake da tsari mai kama da na Rana da sauran taurari.
Sakamakon haka, mai yiwuwa Jupiter ya fito ne daga iskar gas ta hanyar keɓaɓɓiyar ƙarancin hasken rana. Wannan shine babban gajimare na iskar gas da ƙura wanda dukkanin tsarin hasken rana ya samu daga gareta.
Jupiter yana fitar da makamashi ninki biyu kamar yadda yake samu daga Rana. Tushen da yake fitar da wannan makamashin yana zuwa ne daga raunin da yake samu na dukkan duniya. Zai zama ya ninka sau ɗari don taro don fara halayen nukiliya kamar na Rana da taurari. Ana iya cewa Jupiter rana ba ta da ƙarfi.
Yanayin yana da tsarin mulki mai rikitarwa kuma akwai nau'ikan gajimare da yawa. Akwai sanyi sosai. Canjin yanayi na lokaci-lokaci a cikin sama na Jupiter yana nuna kwatankwacin canjin iskoki kamar na yankin da ke tsaka-tsakin sararin samaniyar Duniya. Kodayake ɓangaren Jupiter ne kawai za a iya yin nazari da cikakken tsabta, lissafin yana nuna cewa zafin jiki da matsin lamba suna ƙaruwa yayin da muke zurfafawa cikin duniyar. An kiyasta cewa ainihin duniyar zata iya zama kamar ta Duniya.
A cikin zurfin matakan da ke ciki an samar da filin magnetic Jovian. A farfajiya maganadisu ya wuce na Duniya kusan sau 14. Koyaya, polarity dinsa ya juya dangane da na duniyar tamu. Ofayan komfutocinmu zai nuna arewa zuwa kudu. Wannan filin maganadisu yana haifar da manyan belin silsilar abubuwan da aka caza wadanda suka makale. Wadannan sinadarai sun kewaye duniya a nisan kilomita miliyan 10.
Mafi muhimmanci tauraron dan adam
Ya zuwa yanzu an tattara tauraron ɗan adam 69 na Jupiter. Abubuwan da aka gani kwanan nan sun nuna cewa matsakaicin matsakaitan manyan watanni ya biyo bayan yanayin tsarin hasken rana kanta. Ana kiran manyan tauraron dan adam Io, Europa, Ganymede da Callisto. Biyun farko sun fi kusa da duniya, masu danshi da duwatsu. A gefe guda, Ganymede da Callisto sun fi nisa kuma sun haɗu da kankara tare da ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa.
Yayin samuwar wadannan tauraron dan adam, kusancin jikin tsakiya yana haifar da wasu abubuwa da zasu iya haduwa su samar da wadannan abubuwan.
Da wannan bayanin zaka samu damar sanin wannan babbar duniyar tamu sosai.