Duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da yanayin yanayi

da ilimin aikin kasa Su ne waɗanda ke tsara shimfidar wuri da canza halayen duwatsu da sauƙi. Babban jami'in kula da ilimin kasa shine zaizayar kasa, jigilar kaya da kuma toshewa. Daya daga cikin nau'ikan zaizayar kasa shi ne yanayi. Hanyar wargajewa ne ko tarwatsewar duwatsu da ma'adanai wadanda suke saman duniyar.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku abin da yanayin yanayi yake, waɗanne nau'ikan ke akwai da kuma yadda tasirin tasirin ƙasa yake.

Menene yanayin yanayi

Nau'in yanayin yanayi

Kamar yadda muka ambata, sakamakon canjin da duwatsu da ma'adanai ke fuskanta lokacin da suke kan doron ƙasa. Wadannan canje-canje sun kasance saboda ci gaba da tuntuɓar juna tare da yanayin, biosphere, hydrosphere ko wasu masanan ilimin kasa kamar iska da yanayi. Canjin dutsen na iya haifar da ƙara ƙarar sa, saukar da daidaito, rage girman ƙwayoyin ko ma samar da wasu ma'adanai.

Akwai karatu daban-daban da ke nuna cewa yanayin yanayi ne mai matukar wahala. A takaice dai, wannan yanayin yana da matukar dacewa a cikin nazarin siffofin taimakon. Idan muka kalli saukin yanayin wuri dole ne mu san cewa yanayin ya canza ta cikin biliyoyin shekaru. Kuma wannan shine cewa wakilai na ilimin ƙasa ba suyi aiki akan ma'aunin ɗan adam ba. Ma'aunin da dole ne muyi la'akari da shi a wannan yanayin shine na lokacin ilimin kasa.

Dole ne a ce ci gaba da zaizayar ƙasa ta hanyar iska ko ruwa na iya canza sauƙi ko canza samuwar duwatsu, amma idan dai har shekaru masu yawa suka wuce don wannan tasirin ya dace a cikin yanayin shimfidar ƙasa. Wannan yanayin Suna son fifita bambancin ƙasa daban-daban tare da fahimtar mahaɗan su da abubuwan gina jiki.

Aya daga cikin manyan wakilai waɗanda ke sanya yanayin yanayi shine yanayin yanayi, tsawon lokacin ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da shi, da halaye masu mahimmanci na dutsen. Dogaro da launi, fissure, adadin ma'adanai da sauran halaye, yanayin yanayinta zai faru nan bada jimawa ba.

Nau'in yanayin yanayi

Hanyar da duwatsu zasu canza ba koyaushe suke zama iri ɗaya ba. Akwai yanayin yanayi iri biyu dangane da asalin sa. Muna da yanayi guda ɗaya na yanayin sinadarai kuma, a gefe guda, yanayin yanayi. Akwai wasu karatuttukan da ke ƙara nau'in yanayi na uku kuma yana da ilimin halitta. Za mu rushe kuma bincika kowane nau'in.

Yanayi na zahiri

Yanayi na zahiri

Irin wannan yanayi shine yake sa dutsen ya farfashe. Babu wani yanayi da yake shafar abin da ke cikin sinadarai ko na ma'adinai. Yayin aiwatar da yanayi na zahiri, duwatsu a hankali suna warwatsewa kuma suna barin yashwa don yin mafi kyau. Ana iya fahimtar sauyin sakamako cikin sauƙin yanayin dutsen. Wadannan sharuɗɗan ana ci gaba da canza su ta hanyar tasirin abubuwa daban-daban na muhalli, daga cikinsu waɗannan masu zuwa sun fito:

  • Rushewa: karaya ce cewa duwatsun da suka riga sun inganta yanzu. Wadannan karaya ko fasa suna faruwa koda kuwa matsawar bata yi yawa ba. Wadannan fasa suna samo asali ne daga duwatsun da aka samar a kwance.
  • Thermoclasty: yana kama da aikin nau'ikan jeren yanayin zafin jiki wanda yake kasancewa tsakanin dare da rana. Za'a iya bayyana shi kamar rikici ne tsakanin yanayin yanayin dutsen da kewayensa. Wadannan canje-canjen da suke faruwa a wasu wuraren hamada suna haifar da dutsen. Da rana rana tana sa dutsen yayi zafi ya kuma fadada, yayin da daddare yakan sanya shi yin sanyi da kintsuwa. Waɗannan ci gaba da haɓakawa da raguwa sune ke haifar da fasawar da ke lalata dutsen.
  • Gelifraction: shine fashewar dutsen daga tilasta wasu kankara da aka shimfida akan sa. Kuma, lokacin da aka daskarar da ruwan, yakan kara girman sa zuwa 9%. Wannan ruwan, idan yana cikin duwatsu, yana haifar da matsin lamba a bangon duwatsun kuma yana sanya su karaya da kaɗan kaɗan.
  • Haloclasty: Wannan ita ce hanyar da gishiri ke yin wani matsin lamba akan dutsen da ke samar da fasawar sa. Waɗannan su ne manyan haɓakar gishiri da aka samo a cikin dutse a cikin mahalli daban-daban masu bushewa. Lokacin da ruwan sama ya fadi, gishirin yakan tafi da danshi a saman dutsen. Ta irin wannan hanyar, cewa gishirin yana manne da fasa da sandunan duwatsu kuma, da zarar an yi ƙyalli, sai su ɗaga ƙara, suna ƙaruwa da ƙarfi akan duwatsu kuma suna haifar da fashewar su. A mafi yawan lokuta muna samun duwatsun angular na ƙarami waɗanda aka samar da su ta wannan tsari mai suna Haloclasty.

Chemical yanayi

Chemical yanayi

Wannan shine aikin da ke haifar da asarar haɗin kai a cikin dutsen. Bambancin canjin yanayi kamar oxygen, carbon dioxide da tururin ruwa suna shafar dutsen. Ana iya fahimtar yanayin kemikal tare da matakai daban-daban. Bari mu bayyana kowane yanayi:

  • Oxidation: Labari ne game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin ma'adanai da iskar oxygen da ci gaba da bambanci.
  • Rushewa: ya dace sosai a cikin waɗannan ma'adanai masu narkewa a cikin ruwa.
  • Carbon: yana game da haɗuwa da tasirin haɗin ruwa da carbon dioxide.
  • Hydration: Mataki ne wanda yawancin ma'adanai ke haɗuwa kuma suna samar da ƙaruwa a ƙimar dutsen. Misali na su abin da ke faruwa tare da filastar.
  • Hydrolysis: game da lalacewar wasu ma'adanai ne saboda aikin da tiriliyan hydrogen sukeyi da hydroxide a cikin ruwa.
  • Biochemistry: shine wargajewar kwayoyin halittar da ke wanzuwa a cikin kasa kuma ya haifar da samuwar sinadarin acid.

Ilmin yanayi

Ilmin yanayi

Wannan nau'in yanayi shine wasu masana suka ƙara. Kuma shine cewa masarautar dabbobi da tsirrai suma suna da alhakin yanayin waje. Ayyukan wasu tushen, acid acid, ruwa suna gyaggyara jikin dutsen. Kari akan haka, wasu kwayoyin halitta kamar su tsutsotsi na duniya ma na iya sauya samuwar duwatsu.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da yanayin yanayi.


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