La Dokar Boyle Robert Boyle ne ya gano shi a karni na XNUMX kuma ya aza harsashi don bayyana alakar da ke tsakanin matsi da karfin da ke cikin iskar gas. Ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje iri-iri, ya yi nasarar nuna cewa idan yanayin zafi ya kasance akai-akai, iskar gas yana rage girmansa lokacin da aka sami ƙarin matsin lamba, kuma yana ƙaruwa idan an rage karfin.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da dokar Boyle, halaye da mahimmancinta.
Babban fasali
A shekara ta 1662, Robert Boyle ya gano cewa matsin lamba da ake yi akan iskar gas ya yi daidai da girmansa da adadin moles a yanayin zafi akai-akai. Ma’ana, idan an ninka matsi da ake yi a kan iskar gas. Gas iri daya za a danne sannan a rage adadinsa rabi.
Yayin da ƙarar kwandon da ke ɗauke da iskar gas ke ƙaruwa, nisa dole ne barbashi su yi tafiya kafin su yi karo da bangon kwandon shima yana ƙaruwa. Wannan haɓakar nisa yana ba da damar mita na girgiza don ragewa, don haka matsa lamba akan bangon ya kasance ƙasa da baya lokacin da ƙarar ya kasance ƙarami.
An fara gano Dokar Boyle a 1662 ta Robert Boyle. Edme Mariotte wani masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya yi tunani kuma ya zo daidai da na Boyle, duk da haka, Mariotte bai bayyana aikinsa a fili ba sai a shekara ta 1676. Shi ya sa a cikin littattafai da yawa mun sami wannan doka mai suna Boyle da Mariot’s Law Boyle-Mariot’s Law, wadda aka fi sani da Mattut’s Law, wanda masanin kimiyyar lissafi da kuma chemist na Burtaniya Robert ya tsara ta. mai zaman kansa ta hanyar Boyle da masanin kimiyyar lissafi na Faransa da masanin ilimin halittu Edmé Mattout.
Yana nufin ɗaya daga cikin dokokin da ke da alaƙa da girma da matsa lamba na iskar gas zuwa wani adadin iskar gas da aka kiyaye a madaidaicin zafin jiki. Dokar Boyle tana faɗin haka: Matsin ƙarfin da ƙarfi ke yi ya yi daidai da yawan adadin iskar gas muddin zafinsa ya tsaya cik. Ko kuma a sauƙaƙe, muna iya fassara shi da: a mafi yawan zafin jiki mafi girma, ƙarar ƙayyadadden adadin iskar gas ya bambanta da matsa lamba da yake yi.
Gwaje-gwaje da aikace-aikace na dokar Boyle
Don tabbatar da ka'idar Dokar Boyle, Mariot ne ke kula da shigar da gas a cikin silinda tare da fistan kuma ya iya tabbatar da matsi daban-daban da aka haifar yayin da fistan ya sauko. An yi la'akari da wannan gwajin cewa yayin da ƙarar ya karu, matsa lamba yana raguwa.
Dokar Boyle tana da aikace-aikace da yawa a cikin rayuwar zamani, daga cikinsu za mu iya ambata misali nutsewa, saboda mai nutsewa dole ne ya fitar da iska daga huhunsa lokacin hawansa saboda yana fadada lokacin da matsi ya ragu, idan ba haka ba zai iya haifar da lalacewa.
Ana samunsa a cikin duk kayan aikin da ke amfani da ko kuma ake amfani da su ta hanyar ƙarfin huhu, kamar makaman robobi da ke amfani da abubuwa kamar su pistons pneumatic, actuators, masu sarrafa matsa lamba, da bawul ɗin taimako na matsa lamba.
Haka kuma injunan gas ko dizal suna amfani da dokar Boyle a lokacin konewar cikin gida, domin a karon farko iska ta shiga cikin silinda da girma da matsewa, a karo na biyu yana rage karfin ta hanyar kara matsi.
Motoci suna da tsarin jakan iska wanda ke aiki ta hanyar fitar da wani adadin iska ko iskar gas daga ɗakin da ya isa jakar iska, inda matsa lamba ya ragu kuma ƙarar yana ƙaruwa yana riƙe da yawan zafin jiki.
Dokar Boyle tana da matukar muhimmanci a yau domin doka ce take magana da mu kuma ta bayyana halayen iskar gas. Babu shakka ya bayyana cewa matsa lamba da ƙarar iskar gas sun yi daidai da juna. Don haka, idan aka matsa lamba akan iskar gas, ƙarar sa yana raguwa kuma ƙarfinsa yana ƙaruwa.
manufa gas model
Dokar Boyle-Mariotte ta shafi abin da ake kira iskar gas mai kyau, ƙirar ka'idar da ke sauƙaƙa halin kowane iskar gas, yana ɗauka:
- kwayoyin gas suna da ƙanƙanta wanda ba lallai ba ne a yi la'akari da girman su, musamman ganin cewa wannan ya yi kadan fiye da tazarar da suke tafiya.
- Har ila yau, da kyar kwayoyin suna mu'amala, sai dai idan sun yi karo a taƙaice, kuma idan sun yi, haɗarin yana da ƙarfi, don haka ana kiyaye ƙarfin kuzari da kuzarin motsa jiki.
- A ƙarshe, ɗauka cewa wannan makamashin motsa jiki ya yi daidai da yanayin zafin samfurin gas, wato, da ƙarin tashin hankali barbashi, da mafi girma da yawan zafin jiki.
Gas masu haske, ba tare da la'akari da ainihin su ba, suna bin waɗannan ƙa'idodin sosai a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin zafin jiki da matsa lamba (watau: 0ºC da matsa lamba na yanayi (1 yanayi).
Tun da P ∙V ya kasance akai-akai a zafin jiki da aka ba, idan matsa lamba na iskar gas ya canza, ƙarar ya canza don samfurin ya kasance iri ɗaya, don haka a cikin jihohi daban-daban guda biyu 1 da 2, ana iya bayyana daidaito kamar haka:
P1∙V1 = P2∙V2
Sannan sanin jaha ɗaya, da maɓalli daga wata jiha, zaku iya sanin canjin da ya ɓace ta hanyar cire shi daga dokar Boyle-Mariot.
Tarihin Dokar Boyle
British chemist. Majagaba na gwaje-gwaje a fagen ilmin sinadarai, musamman a cikin kaddarorin iskar gas.
Rubuce-rubucen Robert Boyle kan halayen kwayoyin halitta a matakin barbashi ya kasance mafari ne ga kaidar zamani na abubuwan sinadarai. Ya kuma kasance memba wanda ya kafa kungiyar Royal Society of London.
An haifi Robert Boyle a cikin dangi mai daraja a Ireland kuma ya halarci mafi kyawun makarantun Ingilishi da Turai. Daga 1656 zuwa 1668 ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki na Robert Hooke a Jami'ar Oxford, tare da yin hadin gwiwa da shi kan wasu gwaje-gwajen da suka tabbatar da ingancin iska da yadda take konewa, da numfashi, da kuma watsa sauti.
An tattara sakamakon waɗannan gudummawar a cikin su «Sabbin gwaje-gwajen injina na jiki akan elasticity na iska da tasirin sa(1660). A cikin bugu na biyu na wannan aikin (1662), ya bayyana sanannen kaddarorin iskar gas, dokar Boyle-Mariotte, wanda ya bayyana cewa ƙarar da iskar gas ke da shi a cikin zafin jiki na yau da kullun yana daidai da matsa lamba. A yau an san cewa wannan doka ta cika ne kawai lokacin da aka yarda da ka'idar manufa ta gas.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da dokar Boyle, halayenta da aikace-aikacenta a duniyar kimiyya.