Duniyar kimiyyar lissafi da daukar hoto ta shafi wani abin mamaki na haske wanda aka sani da diffraction na haske. Akwai ƙwararrun ruwan tabarau na ƙwararru masu yawa waɗanda aka tsara don samar da kaifi sosai. Koyaya, koda kuwa yana da inganci ƙwarai, ba zasu iya kubuta daga wannan abin haske ba.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu fada muku menene rabe-raben haske kuma menene halaye da mahimmancin sa.
Menene bambancin haske
Lokacin da raƙuman ruwa ke wucewa ta ƙananan buɗewa da kewayen cikas ko gefuna masu kaifi, ana samar da abin da ake kira rarraba hasken. Idan abu yana da wuyar fahimta kuma ya kasance tsakanin asalin tushen haske da allo, to iyakar tsakanin ba za a ayyana yankuna masu inuwa da haske a kan allon ba. Ana iya gani a matsayin ɓangare na yankuna masu haske da haske suna nuna ƙananan ƙananan haske waɗanda aka karkatar da su zuwa yankuna masu inuwar.
Za a iya cewa rabe-raben haske wani al'amari ne da ke faruwa yayin da igiyoyin ruwan da ke sanya hasken suka wuce ta cikin wata 'yar siririyar rami. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, raƙuman haske suna yin hankali kuma basa da katako gaba. Duk lokacin da muke magana game da batun haske dole ne mu san mene ne hasken haske. Wannan katangar haske ba komai bane face "rafi" inda haske ke ratsa iska. A wannan yanayin, idan ya ratsa rami sai raƙuman haske su buɗe kamar a cikin fitilolin mota a tsakiyar dare saboda ramin shine wanda yake aiki azaman sabon hasken wuta.
Ana amfani da bambancin haske a cikin kyamarori don tilasta haske ta cikin ƙaramin rami. Wannan yana iya samun damar zaɓar adadin hasken da zamuyi amfani dashi don ɗaukar hoto.
Babban fasali
Rarrabawar haske yana haifar da rashin nutsuwa zuwa madaidaiciyar ma'ana. Wannan lamarin ya sa ya watse, ya zama abin da aka sani da shi Airy faifai. Wannan faifan ba komai bane face wakiltar lalacewar hasken haske da kuma raƙuman ruwa da aka tsara akan jirgin sama. Game da daukar hoto, jirgin sama shine firikwensin kyamara.
Kundin jirgin sama na Airy shine abin da daukar hoto ke nema don daidaita daidaito. Kuna ƙoƙarin ɗaukar hoto tare da zurfin filin don komai ya iya bayyana da kyau a cikin hankali. Godiya ga abin da ya haifar da yaduwar haske, ana iya rufe diaphragm na kyamara don mai da hankali sosai kan abubuwa a cikin hoto. Akwai batun da ya zo rufe diaphragm shine idan aka sami asarar kaifi baki daya. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a san yadda abin da ke haifar da yaduwar haske ke aiki idan muna son inganta hotunan.
Hakanan ana amfani da wannan yanayin a cikin tallace-tallace don samun damar samar da abubuwan gani wanda ke jawo hankali zuwa ido mara kyau. Kalmar rarrabuwa ta fito ne daga Latin diffractus, wanda ke nufin ya karye. Yana faruwa galibi saboda majajjawa yana iya zagayawa cikin cikas a yaɗuwar sa, yana kauracewa halayyar hasken rana. Dole ne a tuna da cewa manyan tasirin yaduwar haske a koyaushe kanana ne.
Ana iya ganin abin da ke ɗauke hankali da ido mara kyau ta hanyar samun tushen haske yana sanya yatsu biyu a nesa da santimita goma daga ido ɗaya, yana yin ƙaramin fili tsakanin yatsun. Anan ne zamu ga jerin layuka masu duhu da sauran haske. Lines da za a iya gani galibi sababin abin da aka sani ne da tsangwama mai lalata da hallakaswa. Waɗannan tsangwama suna wucewa cikin yatsunsu don haifar da wannan sakamako.
Bambancin haske da Huygens ka'ida
Dalilin abin da ya faru ga tsangwama ba a bayyane yake ba. Masanin kimiyya Christian Huygens ya ba da bayani game da wannan lamarin. Bayanin ya ta'allaka ne da haskakawar lantarki da tasirinsa yayin sake zabe zuwa babban maganadisu ya bar asalin inda aka fitar dashi kuma ya fadada yayin tafiya. Ana yin faɗaɗarsa cikin miƙaƙƙen layi kamar yana rufe saman jiran da ke ci gaba da haɓaka. Duk yankin fadada hasken yana karuwa daidai gwargwado ga murabba'in nisan da radiation din ke tafiya.
Munyi la'akari da cewa makamashin lantarki zai iya yadawa daga wata ma'ana daga raƙuman jirgin sama. A wannan halin, ba wai kawai muna amfani da dokar ta jujjuya murabba'i ba ga tushen wutan amma dole ne mu yi aiki da kowane wuri a cikin majajjawa mai tsafta. Saboda haka, ana iya cewa ana ɗaukar raƙuman ruwa haka an halicce su gabaɗaya daga kowane bangare a cikin jirgin kuma ana yaɗa su ta kowane bangare. Idan muka rage wurin da muke barin haske ya fita, yankin da fitilar ke tafiya ta hanyarsa zai ragu.
An buga wannan ka'idar ta Huygens sama da shekaru 300 da suka gabata kuma an samar da wata sabuwar hanyar don sanin yaduwar haske kamar yadda muka san shi a yau. A wannan lokacin an yi la'akari da cewa haske yana tafiya kamar raƙuman ruwa a cikin wani nau'in almararren abu wanda ake kira ether kuma ana ɗauka cewa ya cika dukkan sararin samaniya. Kowane kwayar halittar ether da ke girgiza ana ganinsa asalin asalin taguwar ruwa. Yankunan raƙuman ruwa masu zuwa rarrabawar haske na farko sun samo asali ne daga tushen tushe kuma an rufe su ta wani ɓangaren allo mara iyaka S.
An bayyana motsi na raƙuman haske ta hanzari a cikin mazugiyar da aka iyakance ta buɗewar allon. Budewar allo an san shi da farfajiyar da haske ke iya tserewa. Ana amfani da wannan ƙa'idar don amincewa da dokokin yin tunani game da gyaran taguwar jirgin sama. Ka'idar Huygens ta dace da Gano na gani kuma yana da inganci don ƙananan ƙananan zango. A gefe guda, ba za mu iya amfani da shi don bayyana duk abubuwan da ke akwai na raƙuman haske ba. Misali, ba zai yi bayanin karkatar da igiyar ruwa ba ta hanyar yaduwar haske ta hanyar wucewa ta gefen abu ko ta hanyar kananan kofofi.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da bambancin haske.