A yau za mu yi magana game da shahararrun duwatsu waɗanda ke yin shingen yanayi tsakanin Faransa da Spain. Labari ne game da Pyrenees. Yankin tsauni ne da ya raba yankin Tsibirin Iberiya da sauran kasashen Turai. Su ne ɗayan sanannun duwatsu a duk Turai kuma ɗayan fitattun tsaunukan tsauni a duniya. An san shi da sunan Pyrénées a Faransanci, Pirineus a Catalan da Pirinioak ko Auñamendiak a Basque.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk halaye, asali, flora da fauna na Pyrenees.
Babban fasali
Tana cikin kudu maso yammacin Turai kuma wannan yankin ya hada da ƙaramar ƙasar Andorra. Sunan duwatsu ya fito ne daga Pirene wacce gimbiya ce a cikin tatsuniyoyin Girka wanda Hercules ke kauna. Tare da shudewar lokaci wadannan tsaunuka suna ta ƙara samun dacewa da mahimmanci a cikin al'adun jama'ar da ke kewaye da su. Ba wai kawai a cikin labaransu ba, har ma a cikin ayyukansu. Al'adar al'adar Pyrenees ce ta yin kiwo a cikin ta shanu suna motsawa daga gonaki zuwa yankuna mafi girma na tsaunuka a lokacin bazara.
A yau mun san cewa duka ɓangarorin Pyrenees shahararrun wurare ne na ayyukan nishaɗi da hawa dutse. Yankin yanki mai kariya wanda ke da babban bambancin flora da fauna. A Faransa akwai Pyrenees National Park tare da mafi girman tsarin kare muhalli. Abinda aka tanada don kiyayewa shine dukiyar halittu kamar yadda ya kamata.
Duk cikin tsaunin tsauni akwai fiye da kololuwa 50 wadanda suka wuce tsayin mita 3.000. Sarkar tsaunin tana da tsawon kusan kilomita 491 tsakanin Faransa, Spain da Andorra. Ya ƙunshi sarƙoƙi guda biyu waɗanda suke tafiya layi ɗaya daga gabas zuwa yamma daga arewacin Tekun Bahar Rum zuwa Bay na Biscay. Ana iya cewa duk tsarin tsaunukan kusan a tsaye suke. An rarraba shi a zahiri zuwa sassa 3: gabas, tsakiya da yamma.. Yawancin mafi yawan kololuwa mafi yawa ana samun su a cikin ɓangaren tsakiya.
Mafi girman ganuwa shine Aneto mai tsayin mita 3.404. Yana biye da shi Posets peak, tare da mita 3,375 na tsayi, da Monte Perdido, wanda tsayinsa yakai mita 3,355. Ba kamar sauran tsaunukan duwatsu a duniya waɗanda suke da irin wannan takardar kuɗi ba, haɓakar kankara ba ta da ƙarfi sosai. Akwai wasu a yankin yamma da yankin amma babu wani a yankin gabas. Kodayake ba ta da karko, matakin dusar kankara na iya bambanta gwargwadon wuraren. Yana iya kaiwa mita 2.700 sama da matakin teku.
Dutse ne da ke da manyan bangarori kuma rafuffuka ba su da yawa. Abin da ya fito fili game da Pyrenees shi ne cewa suna da rami da yawa da koguna na karkashin kasa.
Formation da yanayin Pyrenees
A tsakiyar yankin Pyrenees mun sami bushewa da yanayin sanyi. Koyaya, a cikin yankunan gabas muna da lokacin bazara waɗanda suke da dumi sosai. Yankin yamma yafi tasirin iskar ruwan da ke zuwa daga Tekun Atlantika. Shekaru da yawa lalatawar abubuwa daban-daban da kuma rashin kasancewar manyan duwatsu ko kuma manyan duwatsu masu sanya gilashin duwatsu ya bushe. Koyaya, sun kiyaye girmansu tun shekaru dubbai. Kuna iya ganin canyons, gangaren dutse da wasu filayen karst waɗanda ke sanya shimfidar wuraren nasu da gaske.
A wasu yankuna na ɓangarorin mafi girma ya kasance mai yiwuwa ne a ga tsofaffin alamun yuwuwar glaciations waɗanda suka bar hujja yayin ganin samuwar da'irori da kwari a cikin hanyar U. Mun tuna cewa kwaruruka a cikin hanyar V sune halayen koguna da wadanda suke Suran U-ne kuma 'ya'yan itacen glaciers ne. Akwai wasu hanyoyin samun ruwan zafi wanda yake wadatacce a cikin ma'adanai.
Game da samuwar ta, an samo wasu abubuwan ƙwanƙwasa daga Pyrenees wanda ya dace da Paleozoic da Mesozoic. Duk da haka, juyin halittarta ya samo asali ne tun daga Precambrian. Samuwar ta ya faru ne sanadiyyar karowar karamar microbertinent Iberia da kuma yankin kudancin farantin Eurasia. Dukansu sun fara motsawa da kusantar juna har sai sun yi karo. A sakamakon karo, ɓawon burodi ya hau kuma tsaunin tsauni ya kafu. Wannan ya faru kusan shekaru miliyan 100-150 da suka wuce.
Yankin tsakiyar Pyrenees ya ƙunshi galibi na Slate da dutse wanda duwatsu suka kai kimanin shekaru miliyan 200. Hakanan an hada shi da farar ƙasa, sandstone, dolomite, da sauran nau'ikan duwatsu masu ƙyalƙyali.
Flora da fauna na Pyrenees
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, Pyrenees suna da rayayyun halittu na Rita waɗanda ake nufin kiyayewa. Kimanin nau'ikan shuke-shuke 3.500 ne ke rayuwa tare, wanda 200 daga cikinsu suna da hadari. Dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa jinsunan halittu masu banbanci ne ga tsarin halittu kuma suna da mahimmin daraja ta fuskar kiyayewa. Tunda ruwan sama ya fi yawa a yammacin saboda tasirin Tekun Atlantika, mun ga cewa ciyayi sun fi daɗi. A gefe guda kuma, Pyrenees na gabas ba za su iya jimre wa yawancin nau'in ba.
Itacen bishiyar Pyrenees ya kunshi dazuzzuka da dausai masu tsayi wanda wasu nau'ikan ke fitarwa, kamar itacen Carrascan, itacen itacen da yake gangarowa, itacen dutse da itacen ɓaure. Daga cikin wasu nau'ikan halittu masu rarrafe na wadannan halittu muna da tsirrai na jinsin Xatardia.
Amma fauna, yawanci ana wakilta shi ne daga Iberian desman. Hakanan akwai wasu beyar, da Iberian lynx, ungulu mai gemu, Pyrenean newt, butterflies Ribar aure da mollusk Helicella mai ban mamaki.
Tattalin arziki
Akwai wasu ma'adanai na ƙarfe, kwal da lignite ɗumbin wadatattun albarkatun ma'adinai idan aka kwatanta da sauran wurare. Tattalin arzikin wannan wuri ya dogara ne akan itace da ciyawa. Wasu Ana amfani da rafuka don ƙirƙirar tsire-tsire masu amfani da ruwa. Talc da zinc ake ciro su daga nan. Garuruwan da ke kewaye da su galibi suna harkar noma da kiwo.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da Pyrenees da halayensa.