Chlorofluorocarbons

Tabbas lokacin da kuka ji labarin ramin da ke cikin ozone wanda gas ɗin da ke da alhakin hakan ya ƙidaya. Babban sinadarin da ya haifar da raguwar yawan ozone na yanayi shine chlorofluorocarbons. Waɗannan su ne gas masu haɗari waɗanda aka yi amfani da su tun lokacin da aka kirkiresu a 1928. Ana kiran su da sanannen sanannen CFC. An yi musu bincike dalla-dalla kuma sun nuna cewa kadarorinsu ba hatsarin kawai ga lafiyar jama'a ba har ma da ozone layer. Saboda haka, an hana amfani da shi.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku menene chlorofluorocarbons, menene halayensu kuma me yasa suke lalata ozone layer.

Menene chlorofluorocarbons

Chlorofluorocarbons

Wadannan sunadarai ne wadanda suka kunshi carbon, fluorine, da kuma atamfofin chlorine. Saboda haka sunanta. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna cikin kungiyar halocarbons wadanda sune rukunin gas ba mai guba bane ko mai saurin kunnawa. An samo asali ne a karo na farko a cikin 1928 a matsayin madadin wasu abubuwa masu sinadarai waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin firiji. Daga baya aka yi amfani da su a matsayin masu tallata magungunan kwari, fenti, kwandishan gashi, da sauran kayan kiwon lafiya.

Tsakanin 50s zuwa 60s an yi amfani da su a cikin kwandishan don gidaje, motoci da ofisoshi. Duk waɗannan amfanin sun sa chlorofluorocarbons faɗaɗa a duniya. A wancan lokacin amfani da wadannan sinadarai ya karu da kimanin metrik tan miliyan wanda ake samarwa duk shekara daga Amurka kawai. Daga baya ya kara amfani dashi sosai. Ya kai irin wannan har ana amfani da shi azaman aerosol, firiji shine, mai busa wakili don kumfa, kayan marufi kuma a cikin abubuwan narkewa.

Mafi yawan samfuran chlorofluorocarbon

Chlorofluorocarbons a cikin samfura

Wadannan sunadarai ba su da asalin asalin abin da suka fito. Sunadarai ne da mutane suka ƙirƙira don amfani da yawa. An yi amfani dasu azaman firiji, masu tallata abubuwa da masana'antun masana'antu don kera kumfa. Hakanan ya yi aiki azaman wakilin tsaftacewa a cikin kerar kayayyakin lantarki. Amfani da shi ya kasance tasirin tasirin ozone na ƙaruwar ozone ƙwarai da gaske a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Wadannan gas din sanannu ne don lalata ozone na sararin samaniya har zuwa wani matakin da zai haifar da cutarwa mai amfani da hasken rana mai amfani da hasken rana.

Daga cikin shahararrun samfuran chlorofluorocarbon muna da masu zuwa:

  • Refrigerant yana cikin kwandishan.
  • Firiji.
  • Masu tallafi a cikin aerosols.
  • Inhalers don sarrafa asma. Daga baya aka dakatar da wannan don rage tasirin a kan stratosphere.
  • Haloalkanes a cikin jirgin sama
  • Magunguna suna son maiko da wuri.

Mummunan tasirin chlorofluorocarbons a cikin yanayi

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, waɗannan sanannun sunadarai sun lalata lalataccen ozone. Wannan yana nufin cewa yawancin rawanin ultraviolet daga rana na iya wucewa ta tsaka-tsakin kuma ya isa saman duniya. An ga yana da mummunan sakamako masu yawa a kan lafiyarmu. Kuma wannan shine, kamar yadda suke wasu mahadi ne wadanda basa aiki a cikin kemikal, anyi tunanin cewa zasu zama marasa illa a cikin yanayi. Koyaya, tare da shudewar lokaci an gano cewa amsawa tare da radiation ultraviolet a cikin sararin samaniya, musamman a cikin stratosphere.

A cikin wannan yanayin na sararin samaniya akwai tarin ozone wanda yake taimaka mana rage radiation na ultraviolet wanda yake zuwa daga rana. Wannan babban tarin ozone an san shi da ozone layer. Lokacin da chlorofluorocarbons ke mu'amala da radiation, suna fuskantar ruɓewar hoto wanda ke juya mu zuwa tushen chlorine na inorganic. Lokacin da aka saki sinadarin chlorine a matsayin kwayar atam suna iya kokarin juya jujjuyawar kwayoyin ozone zuwa oxygen. Wannan yana nufin cewa yana hanzarta yanayin tasirin sinadaran juya ozone zuwa oxygen.

Mun tuna cewa ozone molecule ya kunshi 3 oxygen atoms. Yanayin oxygen yana da ƙwayoyin oxygen guda biyu. Ta wannan hanyar, sinadarin chlorine yana aiki ne a matsayin haɓaka don haɓaka ƙimar da adadin halayen sunadarai waɗanda ke canza ozone zuwa oxygen. Ta haka ne za a iya lalata kwayoyin ozone 100.000 na kowane kwayar chlorine da aka saki. Duk waɗannan dalilan sune yasa chlorofluorocarbons suke da alaƙa da lalata lahan ozone.

Ba wai waɗannan sunadarai kai tsaye suna lalata ozone da aka samo a cikin stratosphere ba, amma dai ana buƙatar nau'ikan halayen sunadarai daban-daban don faruwarsu. Koyaya, adadin da za'a fitar dashi chlorofluorocarbons zuwa sararin samaniya ya haifar da adadi mai yawa na ozone na ɓacewa. Bacewar lemar ozone yana da sakamako mai illa sosai kuma yana kara gurɓatar sinadarai. Kuma shine ozone ke kula da shi sha yawancin hasken rana na ultraviolet wanda ke tsakanin tsayin zango na 280 da 320 nm kuma yana da lahani ga dabbobin da dabbobin da kuma dan adam, ba shakka.

Ramin Ozone

Amfani da waɗannan sunadarai da yawa ya haifar da ƙirƙirar ramuka a cikin ozone layer. Ba wai akwai wani rami da kansa ba a cikin abin da babu tarin ozone. Yankuna ne kawai inda yanayin lemar sararin samaniya ya kasa yadda yake. Wannan natsuwa tana da karancin isa don ba da damar haskakawar iska ta ultraviolet ta kasance a yankin ta ratsa saman duniya.

Kodayake an hana chlorofluorocarbons, saboda suna da babbar rashin kuzari kuma ba sa narkewa, har wa yau, har yanzu ana samun babban bangare na sinadaran da aka fitar a shekarun baya. Wannan saboda suna da tsawon rai a cikin yanayi. Tun daga 1987 yarjejeniyar Montreal ta amince da waɗannan mahaɗan sunadarai a matsayin masu cutarwa da sauran yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa da aka shiga wadanda suka haifar ko kuma haramta wadannan sinadarai, tunda suma suna aiki ne a matsayin iska mai dumama yanayi.

Kamar yadda kake gani, chlorofluorocarbons suna da babbar illa mara kyau a cikin sararin samaniya, da kuma dabbobi, tsirrai da kuma mutane. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da chlorofluorocarbons.


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