El chicxulub crater wani rami ne mai tasiri da ke kusa da garin Chicxulub a kan Yucatan Peninsula a Mexico. Yana da diamita na kilomita 180 kuma an gano shi a cikin 1970s ta Antonio Camargo da Glenn Penfield. Tun daga wannan lokacin, masana kimiyya da yawa suka yi nazarinsa da ke aiki da kamfanin mai na Mexiko don neman ajiyar mai. Shi ne irinsa mafi girma na uku mafi girma a duniya.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk halaye da mahimmancin ramin Chicxulub.
Historia
Dutsen yana kusa da garin Chicxulub a yankin Yucatan na Mexico, a 19° 18' latitude kudu da 127° 46' gabas longitude. Tare da diamita na mita 180 da zurfin kusan mita 900; shi ne rami na uku mafi girman tasiri a Duniya. Kamar yadda bincike ya nuna, alamun farko na wannan dutsen sun samo asali ne tun a shekarun 1960, in ji Jaime Urrutia Fucugauchi, wani mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Geophysics ta Jami'ar Mai Zaman Kanta ta Mexico (UNAM), wanda ya ba da tabbacin cewa bayan binciken da ke karkashin kasa na Tekun Mexico. , a cikin Yucatan Peninsula An gano wasu abubuwan da ba su da nauyi a cikin Layer carbonate.
Ba kamar tsarin ƙasa na gama-gari waɗanda ke da sifofin da ba na yau da kullun ba, Hotunan suna bayyana a matsayin madauwari da tsarin mai da hankali. Duk da girmansa, ba a gano shi ba sai a shekara ta 1970 ta masana kimiyyar lissafi Antonio Camargo da Glenn Penfield yayin binciken mai.
Penfield yayi nazarin bayanan da aka tattara a arewacin Yucatan kuma ya samo wani baka mai ma'ana mai ma'ana mai ban mamaki a cikin zoben diamita mai tsawon kilomita 70. Masana ilmin lissafi sun sami taswirori na sa hannu na nauyi na tsibiri da aka yi a cikin 1960s.
Penfield ya sami wani baka, kodayake wannan yana kan tsibirin Yucatan tare da kololuwar nuni zuwa arewa. Idan aka kwatanta taswirorin guda biyu, ya gano cewa baka biyu (wanda ke kan taswirar shekarun 1960 da wanda ya samo) sun yi da'ira mai tsawon kilomita 180 tare da cibiyarta kusa da garin Chicxulub.
Halin kogin Chicxulub
Masana ilmin lissafi sun kusan tabbata cewa wannan baƙon yanayin yanayin yanayin ƙasa na Yucatan Peninsula ya faru ne sakamakon wani bala'i a wani lokaci a tarihin yanayin duniya, wanda ya koma ƙarshen lokacin Cretaceous, kimanin shekaru miliyan 65 da suka wuce. An kiyasta cewa meteorite ya kai kimanin kilomita 10 a diamita, don haka lokacin da ya yi karo sai ya kafa wani rami mai diamita na kilomita 180, yana fitar da makamashin da aka kiyasta na joules 4,3 × 10²³, daidai da kusan gigatons 191.793 na TNT (dynamite) a cikin tasirin lokaci. .
Tasirin ya haifar da babbar girgizar kasa ta Tsunami a dukkan bangarorin da suka lalata tsibirin Cuba. Ƙura da ƙura da ƙura suna haifar da sauye-sauyen muhalli waɗanda ke rufe saman duniya gaba ɗaya da gizagizai na ƙura.
Wannan jeri ya zo daidai da hasashen masanin kimiyyar Ba’amurke Luis Walter Alvarez da ɗansa masanin ilmin ƙasa Walter Alvarez game da bacewar dinosaur, waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa za a iya buga shi da meteorite na wannan girman. Wannan ka'idar ta sami karbuwa sosai a wajen al'ummar kimiyya.
Babban shaidar ita ce sirara mai tarwatsewar nau'in iridium a wannan iyaka ta fannin ƙasa a duniya. Iridium karfe ne da ba kasafai ba a duniya, amma yana da yawa a cikin meteorites. Ana tsammanin wannan tasirin wani bangare ne ko duka na bacewar tsakanin lokutan Cretaceous da na uku.
Dutsen ya kasance batun nazarin ilimin kimiyyar halittu, bincike mai mahimmanci, microscopy electron da stratigraphy, da sauransu, wanda ya haifar da zato mai karfi, ciki har da cewa mashin ya kasance kusan kilomita 10 a diamita kuma ya shiga cikin mashigin tekun. Duniya a gudun kilomita 10 a sakan daya.
Dole ne ya kasance babban karo mai sauri, domin wannan ita ce kawai hanyar da za a iya bayyana abin da ya rage na kayan, kuma akwai tabbacin cewa yawan zafin jiki da matsa lamba na tasiri ya haifar da narkewa.
Babban fasali
Ramin yana da kyau a kiyaye shi, mai sarkakkiya shi ne ba kwano ba ne, sai dai wani nau'i ne na daban, wanda za a iya kwatanta shi da jerin zoben da aka tattara, kwatankwacin da ya dace shi ne a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin jefa dutse a cikin ruwa da zobe da kuma zobe. tsakiyar convex, wanda aka sani a geophysics a matsayin haɓakar tsarin tsakiya.
An rufe shi da 2 zuwa 3 kilomita na laka, lko kuma cewa babu shakka yana taimakawa wajen kare shi, duk da cewa yana karkashin ruwa ne, wanda aka tabbatar da ma'aunin nauyi da jirgin ruwa na Maurice Ewing ya yi.
Bayan nazarin tsarin ramin, mun san cewa yana da yadudduka guda huɗu waɗanda ke nuna ci gaban abubuwan da suka faru: ƙananan Layer kafin karon ya ƙunshi microfossils irin na zamanin Cretaceous; sai Layer na kayan da aka fitar a yayin karon ya biyo baya; sama da shi, shi ne Layer kafa ta ragowar "fireball" da kuma a karshe labe bayan bala'i.
Kasusuwan burbushin farko da na karshe sun bambanta, wanda ke nuna cewa nau’in ya canza. A gefe guda kuma, tsakanin Layer pyrosphere da madaidaicin Layer a cikin Cenozoic, akwai sararin samaniya ba tare da ragowar burbushin halittu ba, wanda ake kira "launi mara kyau", wanda shine alamar lokacin ruwa. Maido da Rayuwa da Muhalli
Asiri na Chicxulub Crater
Yawancin asirai na Chicxulub Crater sun kasance binne. Mexico ta bukaci UNESCO ta amince da wannan ramin. Akwai kadan da 'yan yawon bude ido za su iya gani saboda tasirin ya kasance daga dogon lokaci da suka gabata.
Masu yawon bude ido suna ziyartar ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wuraren da har yanzu suke wanzuwa, wuraren shakatawa masu ban sha'awa inda zaku iya iyo a cikin kifaye da tushen bishiyoyi, amma ba su gane cewa waɗannan siffofi na yanayin ƙasa sun wanzu ne kawai saboda an yi su da dutse mai laushi. Ocampo ya ziyarci wurin sau da yawa, amma ya yi imanin cewa mutane kaɗan ne suka san muhimmancinsa. Wuri ne na musamman a duniyarmu. Yana da gaske kuma ya kamata a adana shi azaman Al'adun Duniya
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da kogin Chicxulub da halayensa.