Carbon a cikin yanayi

A duniyar tamu akwai wasu gas da abubuwa masu mahimmanci ga rayuwa. Adadin waɗannan abubuwan da gas ɗin ya dogara da aikin kowannensu da ayyukan da ke faruwa a duk duniya. Yau zamuyi magana akansa carbon a yanayi. Ana iya samun carbon a cikin yanayi daban-daban a duniyarmu kamar mai, zane-zane, lu'u-lu'u, da sauransu. Sinadarin ne wanda yake matsayi na shida akan tebur na zamani kuma ba karafa bane.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da duk halaye da mahimmancin carbon a cikin yanayi.

Babban fasali

Carbon shine nau'in sinadaran da ke cikin jerin kalmomin tetravalent. Wannan yana nufin cewa ya kubuce daga kafa abubuwan haɗin kemikal 4 na raba wutan lantarki ko kuma haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Wannan shine mafi girman yalwa a cikin ɓawon burodin duniya. Yawansa ya ta'allaka ne da bambancinsa. Wannan saboda ya kasance a cikin samuwar mahadi kuma yana da iko na musamman don samar da polymer a yanayin zafin da ake yawan samu akan duniyar tamu. Wannan shine yadda yake aiki a matsayin abu a cikin dukkanin hanyoyin rayuwa da aka sani.

Carbon a cikin yanayi ana samunsa a matsayin wani sinadari wanda baya haduwa da wasu siffofin. Ga mafi yawancin, ana haɗuwa da mahaɗan carbon carbon kamar su calcium carbonate da sauran mahaɗan a cikin mai da iskar gas. Hakanan za'a iya samo shi a cikin nau'i na ma'adanai daban-daban kamar su kwal, lignite da peat. Babban mahimmancin carbon shine cewa yana nan a cikin dukkan ƙwayoyin halitta.

A ina ake samun carbon a yanayi?

Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, ana samun carbon a cikin yanayi a cikin dukkan nau'ikan rayuwa kuma yana nan a cikin dukkan siffofin lu'ulu'u: lu'u-lu'u, zane da kuma fullerene. Hakanan zamu iya ganin wasu nau'ikan ma'adinan amorphous tare da kwal kamar su lignite, kwal, peat da siffofin ruwa kamar mai da nau'ikan gas kamar su gas. Zamu lissafa kowannensu kuma ya siffantasu.

Siffofin Crystalline

• Shafi: Yana da ƙarfi wanda yake baƙar fata a launi kuma yana da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe mai ƙarancin zafi. Yana da tsari mai ƙirar lu'ulu'u kamar yadda atamfofin atam ɗin da ke haɗe tare da haɗin haɗin kyakkyawan yanayi. Wadannan kwayoyin sun hada su don samar da zanen gado.
• Lu'u-lu'u: sauti ne mai tsananin kauri wanda ke iya barin haske ya ratsa ta. Kwayoyin carbon a cikin lu'u lu'u suna haɗuwa a cikin hanyar tetrahedral.
• Fullerenes: Nau'ikan carbon ne na kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke hada gungu tare da wasu atoms da yawa kuma wasu a cikin sigar zobe kamar kwallayen kwallan kafa.

Siffofin amorphous

A wannan yanayin, ƙwayoyin carbon ba sa haɗuwa ko ƙirƙirar ƙa'idar umarnin da ba doka ba. Suna da ɗan 'ƙazantar ƙazanta da sauran abubuwa. Bari mu bincika menene su:

• Anthracite: Shine tsohuwar ma'adinan kwal wanda yake wanzu. Asalinsa ya samo asali ne tun daga gyaran duwatsu wanda yake da tasirin zafin jiki, matsin lamba da aikin sinadaran ruwa a yanayi. An kirkiresu galibi a cikin lokacin Carboniferous.
• Gawayi: shine kwal mai ma'adinai wanda aka kirkira shi a cikin dutsen mai ƙarancin asali. Samuwar ta faru ne a lokacin Paleozoic kuma baƙar fata ne a launi. Yana da babban abun ciki na bituminous abubuwa.
• Lignite: Wani gawayi ne wanda aka samo shi daga peat ta matsin lamba.
• Peat: Abun asalin halitta ne wanda ya samo asali daga zamanin Quaternary kuma wannan ya zama kwanan nan fiye da garwashin da suka gabata. Yawanci ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar samun launin rawaya mai launin ruwan kasa kuma nauyinta yana da yawa tare da ƙananan ƙarfi. Ya samo asali ne daga tarkacen tsire-tsire.
• Mai da iskar gas: sune mafi kyawun sanannun burbushin halittu a duk duniya. An haɗasu da cakuda abubuwa masu rai, yawancinsu shine hydrocarbons. Wadannan hydrocarbons an samar dasu ne ta hanyar bazuwar kwayar halittar kwayoyin halitta. Saboda wannan dalili, samuwar sa yana faruwa ne a cikin ƙasa mai zurfin gaske kuma a ƙarƙashin keɓaɓɓen yanayi na jiki da sinadarai. Wannan tsari ne da aka gudanar tsawon shekaru miliyoyi.

Tsarin biogeochemical na carbon a cikin yanayi

Tsarin carbon shine tsari na musamman kuma mai mahimmanci ga rayuwa akan duniyar tamu. Game da musayar wannan iskar ne a duk duniya. Za'a iya musayar tsakanin da yanayin sararin samaniya, da yanayin sararin samaniya, da kuma samar da ruwa. Sanin wannan tsari na karbon shine abinda yake taimaka mana wajen nuna aikin mutum akan irin wannan zagayen. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke da bayanan Iberiya masu dacewa game da aikin da ɗan adam ke yi game da canjin yanayin duniya.

Kuma shine cewa carbon yana iya zagayawa tsakanin tekuna da sauran tarin ruwa. Hakanan yana iya zagayawa tsakanin ƙasan ƙasa, ƙasa, yanayi da yanayin rayuwa. Shiga cikin tsari kamar su photosynthesis wanda shuke-shuke ke ɗaukar carbon da ke cikin sararin samaniya don samar da iskar oxygen ta hanyar aikin sinadarai. Wannan hoton yana ba da damar iskar carbon dioxide da ruwa wanda ake amfani da shi ta hanyar hasken rana da kuma chlorophyll wanda tsirrai ke samarwa don samar da sinadarin carbohydrates ko sugars. Oxygen shine samfurin sharar waɗannan halayen.

Carbon a shima yana nan a cikin tsarin rayuwa kamar numfashi da ruɓewa. Waɗannan hanyoyin nazarin halittu suna da alhakin sakin carbon cikin yanayi a cikin sigar carbon dioxide ko methane. Methane zai kasance koyaushe idan akwai bazuwar rashin rashi oxygen.

Carbon a cikin yanayi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin ilimin ƙasa. Wadannan hanyoyin tafiyar kasa suna faruwa ne sakamakon wucewar lokaci. Anan ne za'a iya canza carbon ta hanyar bazuwar anaerobic zuwa makamashi kamar mai, gas da kuma kwal. Bugu da kari, wannan carbon din na iya zama kuma ya kasance wani bangare na sauran ma'adanai da duwatsu.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da mahimmancin carbon a cikin yanayi.