Menene yanayin rayuwa?

Duniyar tamu Duniyar tsari ne mai matukar hadadden tsari wanda a cikinsa miliyoyin mu'amala yake tsakanin halittu masu rai da kuma abubuwan yanayi. Yana da matukar hadari da kuma m cewa ba shi yiwuwa a yi nazarin duniyar Duniya gaba ɗaya. Don rarrabe daban-daban tsarin da ke tattare da Duniya, an bayyana tsarin tsarin guda hudu. Yanayin halittar jiki, yanayin kasa, da kuma yanayin sararin samaniya.

Yanayin ƙasa yana tattara ɓangaren Duniya cewa ne m wanda a cikinsa ake samun duniyoyin Duniyar da muke rayuwa a ciki kuma duwatsu suna haɓaka. Yanayin ƙasa yana da yadudduka da yawa.

1. Launin saman Duniya, wanda yawanci yakan banbanta tsakanin mita 500 zuwa 1.000, wanda ya kasance daga ƙasa da kankara masu ƙwanƙwasa.
2. Matsakaicin matsakaici wanda ya dace da ɓawon nahiyoyin duniya inda ake samun filayen, kwari da tsarin tsaunuka.
3. Layerananan basalt Layer wanda aka samo ɓawon burodi a ciki kuma yana da kauri kusan 10-20km.
4. Aljannar Duniya.
5. Duniyar duniya.

Don ƙarin bayani akan yadudduka na Duniya danna mahadar da muka bar muku.

Yanayin shine sashin gas wanda yake kewaya Duniya. Ya ƙunshi cakuda gas (nitrogen (78%)), oxygen (21%), da sauran gas (1%). Yankin ne inda girgije da hazo suke gudana, kuma mahimmancin sa shine yasa duniya tamu damar zama.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Haɗin yanayin duniya

Hydrosphere wani yanki ne na Duniya wanda ruwa ya mamaye shi ruwa Bangaren ruwa shine tekuna, tekuna, tabkuna, koguna, gangaren teku, da dai sauransu. Kuma sashi mai ƙarfi shine iyakokin pola, kankara da kankara.

Kamar yadda kake gani, kowane tsarin duniya yana da abubuwa daban-daban kuma yana da aikin maɓalli don rayuwa a duniya. Amma wanda za mu mai da hankali a kansa a cikin wannan labarin shine yanayin rayuwa. Menene yanayin rayuwa?

Yankin halittu shine dukkanin gas, mai kauri da ruwa na fuskar duniya wanda rayayyun halittu ke shagaltar dashi. An hada su ta bangarorin lithosphere da kuma yankin hydrosphere da kuma yanayi inda rayuwa zata yuwu.

Halayen Halitta

Yanzu tunda kun san menene asalin halittar, bari mu ga yadda halayen sa suke. Biosphere an yi ta da siririn matsakaiciyar matakan girma. Tunda tsari ne wanda yake tattara yankunan duniyar da rayuwa take sanya iyaka ya fi wuya inda biosphere ke farawa da ƙarewa. Amma fiye ko lessasa, yanayin halittu ya kai kimanin kilomita 10 sama da matakin teku kuma kimanin mita 10 ƙasa da matakin ƙasa inda asalin bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suke.

A bangaren ruwan teku, ya hada har da wuraren da ke saman ruwa da kuma zurfin tekuna inda rayuwa take. A waje da sararin samaniya da iyakokin da muke da ƙari ko imposedasa da aka sanya, babu rayuwar duniya.

Kamar yadda muka yi tsokaci, rayuwa a cikin halittar ba zata kasance a matsayin jerin dabbobi ba, shuke-shuke da kwayoyin cuta (kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta), amma dai mutane na cikin jinsuna daban-daban. Wadannan nau'ikan (har zuwa yau akwai sama da nau'ikan sanannun miliyan biyu) ana rarraba su kuma suna mamaye yankin daban. Wasu sunyi ƙaura, wasu sunyi nasara kuma wasu sunfi yankuna kuma suna kare mazaunin su.

Tsarin halittu misali ne na tsarin. Mun ayyana tsarin a matsayin saitin abubuwan haɗin da ke hulɗa da juna, da ma wakilai na waje, ta yadda zasu yi aiki kamar saiti aiki tsakanin. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka fayyace yanayin rayuwa a matsayin tsari tunda suna da wasu nau'ikan jinsin da suke mu'amala da juna, sannan kuma, suke mu'amala da wasu abubuwan da ba na halittar ba, amma suna cikin yanayin kasa, yanayi da kuma yanayin ruwa. .

Domin misalta mun juya zuwa ga abubuwa, duniya, ruwa da iska. Kifi yana rayuwa a cikin ruwa, amma kuma, a cikin biosphere, tunda yana hulɗa da ruwa mai ruwa kuma yana zaune a wurin da rayuwa take. Haka ma tsuntsaye. Suna tashi a saman iskar duniya da ake kira sararin samaniya, amma kuma suna zaune a yankunan da rayuwa ta rayuwa.

Saboda haka, a cikin biosphere akwai dalilai na rayuwa waɗanda duk waɗannan al'ummomi masu rai ke wakilta waɗanda ke hulɗa da juna da sauran tsarin ƙasashen duniya. Waɗannan al'ummomin abubuwa masu rai sun haɗa da masu kerawa, masu amfani, da kuma lalata abubuwa. Amma akwai kuma abubuwan abiotic da ke hulɗa da rayayyun halittu. Waɗannan dalilai sune oxygen, ruwa, zafin jiki, hasken rana, da sauransu. Ofungiyar waɗannan abubuwan, mai ƙyamar halitta da taɓarɓarewa, ya kasance muhalli.

Matakan tsari a cikin Biosphere

A cikin biosphere, gabaɗaya, rayayyun halittu basa rayuwa a keɓe, amma suna buƙatar yin hulɗa tare da wasu rayayyun halittu da kuma abubuwan haɓaka. Wannan shine dalilin, a cikin yanayi akwai matakai daban-daban na kungiya. Dogaro da hulɗar halittu masu rai da kuma yadda ƙungiyoyin suke da yawa, akwai yawan jama'a, al'ummomi da mahalli.

Yawan jama'a

Wannan matakin kungiyar yana faruwa ne a yanayi lokacin da ƙwayoyin wasu jinsunan shuke-shuke, dabbobi ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suke haɗuwa a cikin lokaci da sarari. Wato, nau'ikan tsirrai da dabbobi daban-daban tare a cikin sarari ɗaya kuma suna amfani da albarkatu iri daya don tsira da yaduwa.

Lokacin da ake magana game da yawan jama'a, dole ne a tantance wurin da aka samo jinsin da kuma lokacin wannan yawan, tunda ba ya ƙarewa a cikin lokaci saboda dalilai irin su rashin abinci, gasa ko canje-canje a cikin mahalli. A yau, tare da aikin mutane, yawancin jama'a ba sa rayuwa saboda abubuwan da ke gina jiki a cikin muhallin da suke rayuwa sun gurɓata ko sun wulakanta.

Logicalungiyar nazarin halittu

Bioungiyar halittu ita ce wacce mutane biyu ko fiye da yawa na rayayyun halittu suke rayuwa tare. Wannan shine, kowane yawan jama'a hulɗa tare da sauran alumma da kuma yanayin da ke kewaye dasu. Wadannan al'ummomin masu nazarin halittu sun hada da dukkanin kwayoyin halittar jinsuna daban daban wadanda suke mu'amala da juna. Misali, daji, da kandami, da sauransu. Misalai ne na al'ummomin nazarin halittu, tunda akwai tarin kifaye, amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe, algae da kananan halittu masu mu'amala da juna, kuma bi da bi, suna hulɗa tare da abubuwa masu banƙyama kamar ruwa (a numfashi), yawan haske mai fadowa kandami da laka.

Tsarin yanayi

Tsarin halittu shine mafi girma kuma mafi girman tsari na tsari. A ciki, ƙungiyar masu nazarin halittu suna hulɗa tare da yanayin abiotic don ƙirƙirar daidaitaccen tsarin. Muna ayyana yanayin halittu kamar abubuwan da suka shafi halittu masu hade da juna wadanda suke mu'amala da juna. Yankuna daban-daban da al'ummomin da ke rayuwa cikin tsarin halittu sun dogara da juna kuma akan abubuwan abiotic. Misali, amphibians suna buƙatar kwari su ciyar, amma kuma suna buƙatar ruwa da haske don rayuwa.

Hulɗa tsakanin ɗabi'un halitta da na abiotic yana faruwa a lokuta da yawa a yanayi. Lokacin da tsire-tsire ke hotuna, suna musayar gas tare da yanayi. Lokacin da dabba take numfashi, lokacin da take ciyarwa sannan ta kawar da shararta, da sauransu. Waɗannan mu'amala da yanayin halittu masu banƙyama suna fassara zuwa musayar makamashi na yau da kullun tsakanin rayayyun halittu da muhallinsu.

Dangane da rikitarwa na ma'amala, dogaro da nau'ikan halittu da ayyukan da suka cika, fadada yanayin halittar shine da wuya a kafa. Tsarin halittu ba yanki daya bane kuma ba zai rarrabuwa ba amma ya kunshi kananan karami da yawa wadanda suke da nasu mu'amala da ayyukan su.

A cikin tsarin halittu akwai wasu ra'ayoyi guda biyu wadanda suke da alaka ta kud da kud tunda halittu sun dogara da su. Na farko shine Wurin zama. Wuri shine wurin da kwayar halitta take rayuwa kuma take bunkasa. Mazaunin ya kunshi yanki ne na jiki wanda kwayar halitta ke rayuwa da kuma abubuwan da ke mu'amala da su. Wuri yana iya zama babba kamar tafki ko ƙarami kamar tururuwa.

Sauran manufar da ke da alaƙa da yanayin halittu ita ce yanayin muhalli. Wannan yana bayanin aikin da kwayar halitta keyi a cikin tsarin halittu. A wasu kalmomin, hanyar da kwayar halitta take da dangantaka da abubuwan rayuwa da na abiotic. Zasu iya zama kwayoyin halittar heterotrophic, scavengers, decomposers, etc. Za'a iya cewa yanayin yanayin muhalli shine sana'a ko aikin da kwayar halitta take dashi a cikin tsarin halittar da yake rayuwa.

Kamar yadda kake gani, yanayin halittar tsari hadadden tsari ne wanda a cikin shi akwai alaƙa da yawa waɗanda suke abubuwan daidaita yanayin rayuwa a duniya. Wajibi ne a nisantar da yanayin halittu gurbatawa da lalacewa don ayyukanmu domin kiyaye duk wata alaƙar halittu. Kowace kwayar halitta a cikin muhalli tana cika aikinta kuma waɗancan ayyukan sune suke ba mu damar rayuwa cikin ƙoshin lafiya. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye da kiyaye abubuwan halittun mu don mu ci gaba da rayuwa tare da kyakkyawan ingancin rayuwa