Matsayi mafi girma a Yammacin Turai kuma ɗayan sananne a duk tsaunukan Alps shine Mont Blanc. Yana nufin farin dutse a cikin Faransanci kuma yana tsakiyar tsakiyar kyakkyawan shimfidar wuri a yammacin Caucasus kuma makwabci ne na kankara da yawa waɗanda ke ciyar da duk kogunan da ke kewaye. Kasancewar dutsen da masu hawan tsaunuka ke buƙata, ya zama ɗayan shahararrun mutane a duniya.
Saboda haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk halaye, ilimin ƙasa da asalin Mont Blanc.
Babban fasali
Mun san cewa hawan dutse abu ne wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin tsaunuka. Kuma wannan shine a cikin Mont Blanc aiki ne mai yawan gaske. Musamman a lokacin watannin bazara zaka ga adadi mai yawa na masu hawa hawa da hawa dutse suna kokarin isa taron. Wanda suka fara kaiwa kololuwa sune sune Jacques Balmat da Michel Gabriel Pacard a cikin 1786Shekaru 26 bayan masanin kimiyyar kasa Horace-Bénédict de Saussure ya ba da sanarwar tukwici mai tsoka ga duk wanda ya yi nasara. Manufar wannan masanin ilimin ƙasa shine ya iya lissafin matsakaicin tsayin wannan ƙwanƙolin. Domin gudanar da wadannan karatuttukan, ya bukaci wani mai hawan dutse don kaiwa kololuwa.
Mont Blanc yana kan iyaka tsakanin Faransa da Italiya da yamma da tsaunukan Caucasus. Yana daga tsaunin tsaunin Alps kuma ya faɗaɗa zuwa yankin Switzerland. Yana da keɓaɓɓu na musamman kuma wannan shine cewa yana da ƙirar dala. Thewancin yana kudu maso gabashin Faransa. Matsakaicin tsayi na ƙwanƙolin ya kai mita 4809 sama da matakin teku. Sabili da haka, ya zama ƙalubale ga yawancin masu hawa tsaunuka waɗanda ke ƙoƙari su kai ga taron kolin a lokacin bazara.
Kamar yadda ake tsammani, kodayake lokacin rani ne, an rufe taron kolin da dusar kankara da dusar ƙanƙara. Kaurin fadin ƙarshe ya bambanta gwargwadon yanayi. Koyaya, tana da kankara na yau da kullun. Wannan ya sa tsayin dutsen da aka lissafa bai cika zama cikakke ba. Wannan yana faruwa ne da kusan pean tsaunuka waɗanda ke rufe dusar ƙanƙara. Duk cikin tsaunin Mont Blanc mun sami tsaunuka da yawa kuma ɗayan mafi tsayi a tsaunukan tsaunuka waɗanda suke a nahiyar Turai. Wannan gangaren a tsaye ya fi mita 3.500 tsayi.
Ba wai kawai yana da mahimmanci ba ne ga masu hawa tsaunuka da kuma kyawawan wurare, amma kuma akwai wasu kwari masu yawa waɗanda suke da gida mai yawa na flora da fauna a kan gangaren massif. Akwai kankara da yawa wadanda suke lalata wani bangare na gangaren. Mafi girman kankara ita ce Mer de Glace. Ita ce mafi girman kankara a Faransa kuma ana fassara ta zuwa ruwan kankara.
Samuwar Mont Blanc
Dutse ne wanda yake da shi sama da shekaru miliyan 300. Koyaya, babban lokacin don kammala duk samuwar sa gaba ɗaya kusan shekaru miliyan 15 da suka gabata. Tsarin ya dunkule gaba daya tunda samuwar sa sanadiyyar dunkulewar dunkulen duniya saboda motsin cikin duniya. Tunda farantin teku da na nahiyoyi suna da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a ƙarshen ƙaurawar ɗayan kuma ɗayan yana sa su bushe a cikin waɗannan jeri jannati.
A wancan lokacin a lokacin samuwar Mont Blanc, Pangea ita ce kadai ke da ikon mallakar ƙasa. Muna magana ne game da zamanin Paleozoic. Anan ne babban yankin ya fara tsagewa kuma daga karshe ya rabu zuwa talakawan ƙasa daban-daban. Matakan da ke gudana a cikin duniya basu tsaya a kowane lokaci ba. Dole ne a tuna da shi cewa tsarin farantin karfe yana aiki har yanzu. Saboda wannan, tsawon shekaru miliyoyi, motsi yana ci gaba da faruwa a cikin ɓawon burodin ƙasa wanda ya samar da Mont Blanc.
Tuni a ƙarshen lokacin aiki, farantin Apulian da Eurasia sun fara cin karo da juna. Wannan karo na faranti na tectonic ya haifar da ɓawon burodi na duwatsu masu ƙyalƙyali a cikin sifa. Mont Blanc ana tunanin ba wani abu bane face wani yanki na wani dutse mai wuyan sha'ani daga tsohuwar dutsen da. Dukkanin massif din gaba dayan sa ya tashi cikin tsayi saboda matsin lambar da farantin Afirka yayi a cikin shekaru miliyan 100 da suka gabata.
Gine-ginen da aka yi wa lu'ulu'u irin dutse ne wanda ya kafa Mont Blanc. Wadannan ginshikan an kirkiresu ne ta hanyar murda dutsen saboda matsin lambar da faranti masu motsi suke yi. Wannan ya sa dutsen ya sami tudu wanda ya lalace sakamakon lalacewar nau'ikan kankara. Gabaɗaya, nau'in gani na duk wannan ya ba da fasali madaidaici wanda ke nuna wuƙa.
Flora da fauna na Mont Blanc
Kodayake wannan dutsen yana da kyakkyawa mai kyau don samun yanayin ɗaki, amma kuma yana da kyakkyawar bambanci da koren filayen da ke kewaye da shi. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole a ga cewa a cikin duk yankuna na filin kore akwai dabbobi da dabbobin da yawa. Yawancin jinsunan da suka ziyarci tsaunin tsaunin suna fuskantar tsawan ƙasa, ƙananan yanayin zafi da ƙarancin ruwan ƙasa. Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, rayuwa a cikin wannan yanki yana da rikitarwa sosai game da bambancin halittu da ke rayuwa anan. Duk da haka, karbuwa da juyin halitta na nufin cewa dukkan nau'ikan zasu iya rayuwa.
A lokacin bazara da lokacin rani wasu nau'in shuke-shuke masu furanni, ciyawa da sauran ƙananan tsire-tsire suna girma a ƙasan dutsen. Wannan ƙananan ɓangaren yana da ɗan yanayi mai kyau na jin daɗin yanayin. A kusa da massif zamu iya samun conifers kamar firs da larch. Wasu nau'in kamar Ranunculus glacialis zasu iya rayuwa zuwa tsayin mita 4.000.
Dangane da fauna kuwa, mun ga cewa yana wakiltar ta chamois, jan barewa, jan foda, masun ruwa, butterflies, gaggafa ta zinariya, asu da wasu nau'in gizo-gizo da kunama Ba dukansu suke rayuwa a cikin tsaunuka haka ba, amma wasu suna da ikon hawa zuwa tsaunuka inda akwai ƙanƙara. Suna da tsawo a kusan mita 3.500.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Mont Blanc da halayenta.