Zuwan mutum a duniyar wata ya kasance tarihi ga dukkan bil'adama. An gudanar da shi ne godiya ga tsarin duniyar wata na Apollo 11. lunar module ya ɗauki halayen da suka goyi bayan tafiya daga duniyarmu zuwa tauraron dan adam.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku game da halaye na Apollo 11 Lunar module, yadda aka gina shi da kuma ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da tafiya.
Halayen Module na Lunar na kumbon Apollo 11
Module na Lunar Apollo 11 shi ne jirgin da ya baiwa Neil Armstrong da Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin damar saukowa zuwa saman wata a shekarar 1969. Module Lunar, aka "Eagle", an ƙera shi don cika wani muhimmin aiki: samun 'yan sama jannati daga sararin samaniyar wata zuwa saman wata sannan a koma ga jirgin sama na umarni.
Wannan tsarin ya ƙunshi manyan sassa biyu: tsarin saukarwa da tsarin hawan hawan. Lander shine sashin tsarin duniyar wata wanda ya sauka a saman duniyar wata. Yana da siffar conical kuma an sanye shi da shi Ƙafafun saukowa huɗu waɗanda aka tura ta atomatik kafin saukowa. Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi wani tudu wanda ya ninke daga ƙofar gida ta yadda 'yan sama jannati za su iya fita su yi tafiya a saman duniyar wata.
A gefe guda kuma, tsarin hawan hawan shi ne sashin tsarin duniyar wata wanda ya rabu da tsarin gangarowa don mayar da 'yan sama jannatin zuwa jirgin sama na umarni. An siffata shi kamar silinda kuma an sanye shi da motar hawan da aka samar motsin da ake buƙata don tashi daga wata da kuma yin motsi tare da umarnin jirgin a sararin samaniyar wata.
Module na Lunar an ƙera shi don ya kasance mai haske kamar yadda zai yiwu, amma kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai don jure yanayin yanayin wata. An gina ta ne da farko da kayan aikin aluminum da titanium, kuma an lulluɓe bangon ɗakin da rufin zafin jiki don kare 'yan sama jannati daga matsanancin zafi da sanyi.
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin Lunar tsarinta ne na kewayawa da jagora, wanda ya baiwa 'yan sama jannati damar sauka daidai a wani wuri na musamman a saman duniyar wata. Tsarin ya yi amfani da haɗin radar da kwamfutoci don ƙididdige saurin tsarin wata, tsayinsa, da matsayi dangane da duniyar wata.
Asalin tsarin lunar
Lokacin da aka yi shirin cin nasara a kan wata, an ƙera tsare-tsare daban-daban don kai mutane zuwa tauraron dan adam na mu na halitta kuma su dawo duniya. Zaɓaɓɓen wanda aka zaɓa shine don mutane biyu su sauka tare da tsarin saukowa na wata, wanda ƙananan ɓangaren an tsara shi don yin aiki azaman ƙaddamarwa a wurin fita.
A cikin la'akari da hanyoyin da za a bi don docking na orbital na wata, injiniyoyin Cibiyar Bincike na Langley sun kalli nau'o'in asali guda uku na tsarin wata. An kira nau'ikan nau'ikan guda uku waɗanda suka yi sauri da sauri "Mai sauki", "Tattalin Arziki" da "Luxury".
An yi hasashen sigar "mai sauƙi" a matsayin ɗan ƙaramin abin hawa mai buɗe ido da ke iya tallafawa mutum a cikin rigar sararin samaniya na sa'o'i wanda zai iya auna har zuwa ton biyu. Dangane da nau'in injin da ake amfani da shi, samfurin "tattalin arziki", wanda aka tsara don ɗaukar maza biyu, ya ninka sau biyu zuwa uku fiye da na baya.
Daga ƙarshe, hanyar da ake ganin ita ce mafi aminci ita ce hanyar “mafi kyau” na zaɓin ɗawainiya. A matakin ba da shawara, masu fasaha a Grumman, wanda ya lashe gasar gine-gine, sun yi hasashen duniyar duniyar wata a matsayin wani abu mai dauke da tan 12 na propellant kewaye da "tsarin agogo" mai nauyin ton 4 wanda ke cikin katangar bangon aluminum. Ya yi kama da kwai.
Da daya tsayin mita 7 kuma, tare da mika kafafu, diamita na 9,45 m. An yi ta ne da sassa miliyan daya, galibi kananan transistor, na USB mai nisan mil 40, da rediyo biyu, na’urorin radar guda biyu, injinan lantarki guda shida, na’ura mai kwakwalwa, da kuma na’urorin gwaje-gwajen kimiyya a duniyar wata.
Duk wannan sai an raba shi cikin manyan raka'a guda biyu, ana kiran sama da kasa, kowanne da nasa roka.
saukowa module
Bangaren kumbon Apollo 11 ne ya taba tauraron mu. An gina shi da alluran aluminium, siffar octagonal, ƙafafu masu ɗorewa guda huɗu kuma yana ɗauke da batura, ajiyar iskar oxygen da kayan aikin kimiyya don ƙasa kuma su kasance a saman duniyar wata. Tsayinsa ya kai 3,22 m ciki har da kafafu da 4,29 m a diamita ban da kafafu.
Extensions a ƙarshen manyan spars guda biyu sun ba da tallafi ga kayan saukarwa. Duk struts sun ƙunshi na'urori masu ɗaukar girgiza waɗanda ke da naƙasassun abubuwan saƙar zuma don shawo kan girgizar ƙasa.
Na'urar sauka ta farko ta shimfiɗa a ƙasan ƙyanƙyashe na gaba kuma an haɗa shi da wani tsani da 'yan sama jannati za su yi amfani da su don shiga duniyar wata da hawan sama. Yawancin nauyi da sarari don matakin saukar an kasaftawa ga tankuna huɗu masu motsi da roka mai gangarowa, mai iya aiwatar da 4.500 kg na turawa.
A lokacin aikin kusanci, an kunna injin saukowa don fara faɗuwar tsarin duniyar wata daga tsayin kilomita 110. A kusan mita 15.000 sama da saman, dole ne ta sake kunnawa yayin wani motsi na birki don kiyaye tsarin duniyar wata yana saukowa da raguwa har sai ya ɗan taɓa saman.
hawan module
Babban rabin tsarin wata ne, tare da cibiyar bayar da umarni, ma'aikatan jirgin, da rokoki da aka yi amfani da su don harba motoci daga saman duniyar wata. Yana da tsayin mita 3,75 kuma an raba shi zuwa sassa uku: sashin ma'aikatan jirgin, sashin tsakiya da yankin kayan aiki.
Modul ɗin ma'aikatan ya mamaye gaban lif, kuma 'yan sama jannatin za su iya duba ta tagogi guda biyu masu kusurwa uku. Ma'aikatan jirgin ba su da kujeru, don haka dole ne su tashi tsaye, an daure su da madauri da ba su da yawa don kada su cutar da su.
Ƙarƙashin shingen da ke tsakiyar ɓangaren akwai rokoki da ke tashe, waɗanda aka tsara don samar da kusan kilogiram 1.600 na tuƙi da kuma iya kunna wuta da sake kunnawa. Wannan saboda raunin wata, kashi shida na Duniya. baya buƙatar samar da makamashi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi don motsa lokacin hawan.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da tsarin wata na jirgin sama na Apollo 11 da halayensa.