Lokacin da ka ji maganar antimatter Kamar dai wani abu ne irin na fim. Koyaya, wani abu ne na gaske kuma har ma mun fitar dashi a jikin mu. Antimatter ya zama mai mahimmanci ga kimiyya kamar yadda yake taimaka mana fahimtar fannoni da yawa na sararin samaniya, samuwar ta da kuma canjin sa. Kari akan haka, yana bayanin abubuwan mamaki da yawa da ke faruwa a zahiri.
Shin kuna son sanin menene antimatter kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci? Anan zamu bayyana muku komai.
Menene antimatter
Antimatter ya fito ne daga ɗayan waɗannan ƙididdiga masu girma waɗanda ke da harshe wanda ƙwararrun masana ilimin lissafi da lissafi kaɗai ke da ikon fassara shi. Wadannan lissafin suna kama da wani abu wanda ba daidai bane kuma, a al'adance, bayan lissafin da yawa, al'ada ne cewa akwai wasu kuskure. Koyaya, wannan gaskiyane kuma antimatter gaskiyane.
Abu ne wanda ya kunshi abin da ake kira antiparticles. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna iri ɗaya ne da waɗanda muka sani amma tare da mafi akasin cajin lantarki. Misali, antiparticle na lantarki wanda cajin sa mara kyau shine positron. Abun daidaitawa ne wanda yake da irin wannan abun, amma tare da caji mai kyau. Wannan yana da sauki kuma duk wanda yake son sanya shi ya zama mai rikitarwa ba daidai bane.
Wadannan abubuwa masu hade da jiki sun shiga nau'i-nau'i. Lokacin da mutanen biyu suka yi karo, suna hallaka juna kuma sun ɓace gaba ɗaya. A ƙarƙashin sakamakon wannan karo, ana yin walƙiya na haske. Barbashi wanda bashi da caji, kamar su neutrinos, ana tunanin kansu sune antiparticle nasu.
Akwai wasu ra'ayoyin da suke tunanin wadannan kwayoyin a karkashin sunan Majorana kuma hakan ya biyo bayan cewa daskararrun al'amarin na iya zama kwayar Majorana, ma'ana su ma kansu sunnan kwayar halittarsa da kuma kwayar halitta a lokaci guda.
Lissafin Dirac
Kamar yadda muka tattauna, antimatter yana tasowa ne daga karatun ilimin lissafi da kuma daidaitattun ƙirar jiki. Masanin kimiyyar lissafi Paul Dirac, yayi nazarin duk wannan a cikin 1930. Yayi ƙoƙari ya haɗa mahimman hanyoyin ruwa a ɗayan: dangantaka ta musamman da ƙwararrun kanikanci. Waɗannan raƙuman ruwa guda biyu sun haɗu a cikin tsarin ka'ida guda ɗaya na iya taimakawa ƙwarai game da fahimtar duniya.
A yau mun san wannan azaman lissafin Dirac. Wannan daidaitaccen lissafi ne, amma wanda ya mamaye dukkan masana kimiyya a lokacin. A lissafin annabta wani abu da alama ba zai yiwu ba, barbashi da mummunan makamashi. Daidaiton Dirac ya ce barbashi na iya samun ƙasa da ƙarfi fiye da hutawa. Wato, zasu iya samun ƙarancin kuzari fiye da yadda suke da shi lokacin da basu tabuka komai. Wannan magana tayi wuyar fahimtar masana ilimin lissafi. Ta yaya zaku sami ƙarancin ƙarfi fiye da yadda kuke da shi ba tare da yin komai ba, idan yanzu ba ku yin komai da kanku?
Daga wannan ya yiwu a gano cewa ƙwayoyin suna da ƙarancin ƙarfi. Duk wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar abin da akwai tekun ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke da ƙarancin makamashi da kuma ilimin kimiyyar lissafi bai gano su ba. Lokacin da kwayar cuta ta al'ada ta yi tsalle daga matakin makamashi zuwa mafi girma, sai ta bar gibi a cikin matakin ƙananan kuzarin da ya fito. Yanzu, idan kwayar tana da caji mara kyau, ramin na iya samun rami mara caji ko, menene daidai, caji mai kyau, ma'ana, positron. Wannan shine yadda aka haifi ma'anar antiparticle.
A ina aka sami antimatter?
Abubuwan antimatter na farko da aka gano sune waɗanda daga hasken rana ta amfani da ɗakin girgije. Waɗannan kyamarorin ana amfani da su don gano ƙwayoyin cuta.Suna fitar da iskar gas da ke aiki bayan ofarƙirar ta wuce, don haka za ku san hanyar da suke da ita. Masanin kimiyya Carl D. Anderson ya iya amfani da filin maganaɗisu don haka, Lokacin da barbashi ya wuce cikin ɗakin, to hanyar zata lanƙwasa don cajin lantarki. Ta wannan hanyar ne aka samu cewa kwayar ta tafi gefe daya kuma antiparticle zuwa wancan.
Daga baya, an gano antiproton da antineutrons kuma, tun daga wannan lokacin, abubuwan da aka gano sun fi girma da girma. Antimatter ya zama sananne sosai. Kullum ana yiwa duniyar tamu ruwan bama-bamai wadanda suke wani bangare na hasken rana. Abin da ya fi kusa da mu shi ne abin da ya shafe mu.
Zamu iya cewa mu kanmu muna fitar da antimatter saboda yanayin jikinmu. Misali, idan muka ci ayaba, saboda lalacewar sinadarin potassium -40, zai samar da positron kowane minti 75. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan muka sami potassium -40 a jikinmu, zai zama cewa mu kanmu tushen tushen kwayoyin cuta ne.
Menene don
Tabbas zaku ce menene amfanin sanin cewa akwai antimatter. To, godiya gare ta, muna da ci gaba da yawa a fannin magani. Misali, ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin yanayin kyanwar positron. Ana amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyin don samar da wasu hotuna na jikin mutum a babban ƙuduri. Waɗannan hotunan suna da amfani sosai a cikin bincike don gano idan muna da ƙari wanda ke fadada ko darajan juyin halitta. Hakanan ana nazarin yin amfani da antiproton don maganin cutar daji.
A nan gaba, antimatter na iya zama babban jigon samar da makamashi. Lokacin da kwayoyin halitta da antimatter suka halaka, suna barin kyakkyawan yanayin makamashi a cikin hanyar haske. Giram guda na antimatter kadai zai saki makamashi daidai da bam na nukiliya. Wannan gaba daya abin ban tsoro ne.
Matsalar yau tare da amfani da antimatter don kuzari shine ajiyayyar ta. Abu ne da muke nesa da warware shi. Duk gram na antimatter zai buƙaci kimanin awanni dubu kilowatt tiriliyan 25.000 na makamashi.
Hakanan yana aiki don bayyana dalilin da yasa muke wanzu. Da farko, a cewar babban Bangin Ka'ida, asalin asalin kwayoyin halitta da antimatter dole ne sun faru ta hanyar tsarin daidaitaccen jimla. Idan haka ne, da tuni mun ɓace. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole a sami aƙalla mafi ƙarancin ƙwayar kwayoyin kowane antimatter.
Ina fatan wannan bayanin ya fayyace shakku game da antimatter.