Alaka tsakanin zafi da zafin jiki

Shin kun san banbanci tsakanin zafi da zafin jiki? Yawancin lokaci waɗannan ra'ayoyin guda biyu suna rikicewa da juna, ana amfani dasu ta hanyar da ba daidai ba. Duk da yake suna da kusanci sosai, ba su da kama ɗaya. Sabili da haka, yayin da zafi wani nau'i ne na makamashi, ƙarfin zafi, zafin jiki shine ƙimar da ke ƙayyade shugabancin zafin rana.

Amma, Wadanne halaye kowannensu yake da su? Zamuyi magana game da wannan da ƙari sosai a cikin wannan labarin na musamman. 

Menene ainihin zafi?

A lokacin ranakun rana, musamman a lokacin rani, kalmar da muke faɗi sau da yawa ita ce: "yaya zafi!", Dama? Da kyau, wannan abin ban sha'awa ne da rana, wanda shine abu mafi girma fiye da duniyar Duniya (yana da diamita na 696.000km, yayin da gidanmu 'kawai' yakai 6.371km), kuma yafi zafi: game da 5600ºC, idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin 14ºC da aka rubuta anan.

Za a iya cewa zafin ya zama canzawar makamashi daga abin da ya fi tsananin zafin jiki zuwa wani wanda ya fi 'sanyi'. Don haka, tsakanin abubuwa biyu za'a cimma daidaiton zafin, wanda shine abin da ke faruwa, misali, idan muka shiga gado a lokacin hunturu: zanen gado da barguna suna sanyi da farko, amma da kaɗan kaɗan sai su ƙara ɗumi.

Za'a iya canza wutar makamashi ta hanyoyi daban-daban guda uku:

• Radiation: lokacin da yake yaduwa ta hanyar sigar igiyar lantarki, kamar makamashin rana.
• Tuki: lokacin da yake yaduwa ta hanyar mu'amala kai tsaye, kamar lokacin da muka sanya cokali a cikin sabon kofi.
• Taro: lokacinda ake yada shi ta hanyar ruwa ko gas, kamar masu zafi da muke dasu a gida.

Kuma, da zarar an gama, abu iya zuwa wata jihar daban, wanda zai iya zama mai ƙarfi, ruwa ko mai iska. Wadannan canje-canjen an san su da sunan canje-canje na lokaci, wanda ke ci gaba da tsara yanayin duniya. Sauye-sauye mafi saurin lokaci a yanayin yanayi sune:

• Daga m har zuwa ruwa, ana kira fusion.
• Daga ruwa zuwa mai kauri, ake kira solidification.
• Daga ruwa zuwa gas, an kira shi vaporization.
• Daga gas zuwa ruwa, ana kira sandaro.

Ana auna ƙarfin makamashi a cikin kalori, sabanin yanayin zafin da ake auna shi da digiri (ko dai Kelvin, Celsius ko Fahrenheit), ko kuma a Joules (1 ga Yuli yana daidai da adadin kuzari 0,23 kusan).

Ma'anar yanayin zafi

Zazzabi shine dukiyar kwayar halitta wacce ake auna ta da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio. Kusan yadda abu ɗaya yake kusa da wani, mafi tsananin zafi shi ne, mafi girman zafin nasa. Mu kanmu, idan misali muna rashin lafiya kuma muna da zazzabi, zafin jikinmu ma yana ƙaruwa.

Akwai ma'auni guda uku wadanda suke auna shi, kamar yadda muka ambata a baya:

• Celsius: wanda muka sani kuma muke amfani dashi mafi yawa a cikin Turai, wanda wuraren matattararsa suna daskarewa (0ºC) da tafasa (100ºC).
• Fahrenheit: ana amfani da shi musamman a ƙasashen Anglo-Saxon. Abubuwan da take nuni da su sune daskarewa da ruwan daskarewa na ruwa da gishiri, da kuma yawan zafin jikin mutum. 1ºC yayi daidai da 33,8ºF.
• Kelvin: don amfani da kimiyya. Mahimman bayanansa sune cikakkiyar sifili da kuma ruwa guda uku. 1ºC yayi daidai da 274,15ºK.

Yanayi a Duniya 

Zafin jiki ya bambanta bisa ga tsawo, tare da kusanci ko nisan tekun da layin mahaukata, tare da lafazin kalmomi da kuma ta fure kanta (Da yake akwai yankin dazuzzuka sosai, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna samar da tururin ruwa lokacin da suke hotunan hotuna, wanda zai iya taimaka mana mafi kyawun jimre da zafi). Gabaɗaya magana, akwai manyan yankuna uku a duniya:

• Yankin dumi ko na wurare masu zafi: yana tsakanin tsibirin shuwa biyu kuma an raba shi zuwa mahaɗar yankuna biyu daidai. Matsakaicin zafin jiki ya haura 18ºC.
• Yankin wucin gadi (arewa da kudu): sun faɗo daga wurare masu zafi zuwa sanduna. Matsakaicin yanayin shekara-shekara ya kasance kusan 15ºC. A cikin yankuna da ke cikin yankin mai sanyin yanayi, ana bayyana lokutan shekara sosai.
• Yankin Sanyi (sandunan): yana tsakanin Tsakiyar Arctic da Pole ta Arewa, da Da'irar Antarctic da Pole ta Kudu. A zahiri ana kiyaye yanayin zafi a ƙasan 0ºC, har ma da kaiwa -89ºC.

Kuma da yanayin zafi? 

Kodayake a yankinmu ma'aunin zafi da sanyio yana nuna wani yanayi, watakila jikinmu yana jin wani abu daban, wanda zai zama lokacin magana game da zafi zafi. Menene daidai?

Sanyin iska shine yadda jiki yake amsar yanayi a muhalli, kuma jin zafi shine lokacin da ya wuce 26ºC, kodayake ya banbanta sosai dangane da lokacin da muke da kuma mutumin da kansa. A saboda wannan dalili, waɗanda ke zaune a cikin yanayi mai sanyi ko sanyi ba sa son ƙarancin zafi na Bahar Rum sosai, kuma waɗanda ke zaune a yanayin zafi ko ƙauyuka sau da yawa yana da wuya su saba da yanayin sanyi.

Kuma shi ne cewa gwargwadon yawan danshi a cikin muhalli, yawan zafin zai ji; kuma kasan yadda yake, da sanyin zai kasance. Don haka, misali zafin jiki na 30ºC tare da 90% na zafi, zai ji kamar ma'aunin zafi da gaske yana alama 40ºC.

Shin kun san dangantakar da ke tsakanin zafi da zafin jiki?