Abin da ke tsakiyar hanyar Milky Way

Mun san cewa Milky Way ita ce taurarinmu kuma tarin biliyoyin taurari ne da ke kewaya wani abu. Masana kimiyya sun dade suna mamaki abin da ke tsakiyar hanyar madara. Yana da mahimmanci a san shi don ƙarin sani game da sararin samaniyarmu da tsawon rayuwar tsarin hasken rana.

Saboda haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don ba ku labarin abin da ke tsakiyar Milky Way da kuma irin halayensa.

Abin da ke tsakiyar hanyar Milky Way

Sai a ƙarni na 1918 ne aka fara kiyasin wurin da ke tsakiyar tauraronmu. A cikin XNUMX. Harlow Shapley ya ba ta wuri mai yiwuwa yayin da ake nazarin rarraba gungu na globular, wanda yake a ma'aunin daidaitawa AR 17 h 45 m 40,04 s, Dec -29 ° 00′ 28,1 ″ (Julian Era J2000) ko wani a cikin kansa kusan 50.000 yana kusan 15.000 daga ƙasan ƙasa. da kuma Rana.An yi bitar hakan daga baya, musamman a taron XIX na Ƙungiyar Taurari ta Duniya, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa cibiyar Milky Way tana 8.500 parsecs daga Rana, ko da yake wannan nisa na iya zama wanda aka nuna ta hanyar bincike daga baya (saboda fasahar kuma tana ba da damar ingantattun abubuwan lura), kusan 7.900 parsecs (+-300). Hakanan akwai lokacin zaman UTC da aka kafa a tsakanin sauran abubuwa.

A wasu lokuta mukan yi tsokaci a nan cewa kura tana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke sa kallon sararin samaniya yana da wahala. Wannan ya sa mutane da yawa cikin ruɗani game da tauraron Tabby na "sirrin", amma tare da zuwan gamma-ray mai girma, infrared da na'urorin duba X-ray da ƙari. yana yiwuwa a fahimta da kyau duk da kura.

A cikin 2002, waɗannan radiyon X-ray ne suka bayyana (ko kuma an gano su) abin da ke tsakiyar hanyar Milky Way, godiya ga bayanan da wani matashi Chandra ya mayar da shi wanda ya yi kama da tabbatar da abin da aka dade ana zarginsa da kasancewa babban rami mai zurfi. . A haƙiƙa, mabuɗin waɗannan haskoki, baya ga samun damar kutsawa cikin wannan gajimare mai iskar gas, ita ce ta ƙarshe na kwayoyin halitta kafin baƙin rami ya hadiye shi.

Wannan katafaren bakar ramin daga baya ya samu karbuwa ta hanyar bincike da bincike, irin su kungiyar sa ido ta Kudancin Turai (ESO, Chile), wacce ta baiwa tawagar masanan taurarin Jamus damar bin diddigin motsin taurarin 28 da ke kewaya tsakiyar Milky Way...musamman. a cikin kusan ramukan baki sun fi rana nauyi sau miliyan hudu, wanda yana ƙara ƙarin mahimmanci ga hasashe cewa taurari sun kafa kewaye da shi. Amma kamar yadda muka fada a farkon wannan makon wani abu ya canza. Ya bayyana cewa ba daya kawai ba, amma har zuwa dozin bakar ramuka a tsakiyar hanyar Milky Way, a cewar Reuters, a cewar masanin ilmin taurari Chuck Haley da tawagarsa a cikin aikinsu.

Chandra ya kuma gano gungu na ƙananan ramukan baƙar fata na binary suna kewaye Sagittarius A* a tsakiyar tauraron mu, yana ƙididdige cewa akwai har zuwa 10.000 baki ramukan a kusa da Sagittarius A*. Sagittarius A * tushe ne mai mahimmanci, madaidaicin radius mai haske na tsakiyar galaxy ɗinmu, ko kuma iri ɗaya, babban rami mai duhu, wanda ya karɓi sunansa a cikin tsarin Sagittarius A (fadi).

Yaya cibiyar Milky Way take?

Kamar yadda muka gani lokacin da muke magana game da masu lura da sararin samaniya na yanzu, Makanikai na wannan na'urar hangen nesa na iya ɗaukar nau'ikan igiyoyi daban-daban. A wannan yanayin, godiya ga hotunan infrared, masana astronomers sun sami damar yin nazarin motsin tauraro a wannan wuri, wanda ke taimakawa wajen fahimtar yadda aka kafa gungu, da kuma girmansa da tsarinsa. A cikin 2018, Chandra da ESO sun ba da damar yawon shakatawa na digiri na 360 na tsakiyar hanyar Milky Way. Wani hangen nesa ya ba masu bincike damar fahimtar gaban haskoki na X-ray da aka gani a baya a cikin faifai game da shekarun haske na 0,6 a waje da Sagittarius A *, ya kammala cewa ko da yake ya ƙare kimanin shekaru ɗari da suka wuce, har yanzu yana ci gaba da rinjayar yankunan da ke kewaye.

Tawagar masanan taurari sun “yi fentin” wannan wuri da ka iya zama kufai makonnin da suka gabata. Chris Packham, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin taurari a Jami'ar Texas, da Pat Roche, farfesa a ilmin taurari a Jami'ar Oxford, sun jagoranci babban taswirar filin maganadisu da aka zana daga Sagittarius A*.

Don yin wannan, An yi amfani da bayanai daga kyamarorin infrared na Gran Telescopio de Canarias (a cikin La Palma, Spain), tun da, kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, wannan radiation yana iya wucewa ta cikin girgije mai ƙura tsakanin Duniya da galactic tsakiya. A wannan yanayin, suna amfana da na'urorin kamara, waɗanda ke da ikon tace hasken wutan lantarki dangane da filayen maganadisu, suna iya gano layukan su da wani matakin da ba a kai ga samun nasara ba har zuwa yanzu.

Sakamako na nazari a kan abin da ke tsakiyar hanyar Milky Way

Sakamakon: wani irin Van Gogh starry dare, amma yana nuna mana wasu taurari cewa suna fitar da radiyon infrared mai yawa, masu ratsa tsakanin waɗannan layin filin, da kuma wurin da babban ramin baki yake.

Wannan shine hoton infrared mafi kaifin da aka taɓa samu na cibiyar galactic, kuma shine karo na farko da layin maganadisu an gan su dalla-dalla a cikin nisa na shekaru 25.000 na haske. Tunda waɗannan abubuwa sukan faru sau da yawa, wannan taga ce don ƙarin koyo game da filin da yanayin abubuwan da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya.

Bayanin da suka fitar lokacin ƙirƙirar wannan taswira ya dogara ne akan yadda ƙurar ke aiki game da filayen maganadisu da iska mai ƙarfi, da kuma cewa wani (ƙarami) filin maganadisu da ke kusa da ainihin zai shiga cikin wasa. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kwararar iskar gas da ƙura da ke kewaye da manyan ramukan baƙi.

Kyawawan wannan duka, bayan hotuna ko taswirorin da za a iya ƙirƙira, shine, Yayin da yake amsa tambayar, dan Adam ya sake fada da ramin don fita daga cikinsa. Lokacin da bakan da ake gani bai isa yin tsegumi game da wasu yankuna ba, ana ƙirƙira wasu tabarau don gano abin da ke kewaye da mu kuma sannu a hankali ya nuna asalin komai.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da abin da ke tsakiyar Milky Way.